Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt

State · 1,600–1,501 BCE · at its largest around 1,600 BCE

Theban dynasty of the Second Intermediate Period whose kings Seqenenre Tao and Kamose began the war that expelled the Hyksos from Egypt.

On its lands while it lasted

Thebes (3,200–801 BCE): Capital of Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2000 BCE–1782 BCE), New Kingdom of Egypt (1500 BCE–801 BCE).
Edwin Smith Papyrus (c. 1,600 BCE): An Egyptian medical text on trauma surgery that describes injuries, diagnoses and treatments in a largely empirical way; it is among the oldest known surgical treatises.
Book of the Dead (c. 1,550 BCE): A collection of funerary spells written on papyrus to guide the dead through the afterlife, in use from the start of the New Kingdom.
Rhind Mathematical Papyrus (c. 1,550 BCE): Copied by the scribe Ahmes from an older text, it is one of the best sources on ancient Egyptian mathematics, covering arithmetic, fractions and geometry.
Hatshepsut (c. 1,507 BCE – 1,458 BCE): One of the few women to rule Egypt as pharaoh (c. 1479–1458 BCE), she sponsored an expedition to Punt and built a great mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahari.