South African Republic

State · 1856–1899 CE · at its largest around 1895 CE

The Boer republic in the Transvaal with Pretoria as its capital, whose gold fields drew British interest and led to the Second Boer War.

On its lands while it lasted

• Vryheid (1884 CE): Capital of Nieuwe Republiek (1885–1888).
• Johannesburg (1886 CE): Founded in 1886 after the discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand, the world's richest gold field; it grew into South Africa's largest city.
• Second Boer War (1899–1902 CE): War between the British Empire and the Boer republics of the Transvaal and Orange Free State; British concentration camps caused the deaths of many Boer and Black African civilians.

More on Wikipedia.