Southern Qi

State · 480–509 CE · at its largest around 480 CE

A brief southern dynasty whose refined court at Jiankang hosted literary salons such as the 'Eight Friends of Jingling'. Poets there developed rules of tone and rhythm that later shaped the great poetry of the Tang dynasty.

On its lands while it lasted

• Plain of Jars (c. 500 BCE – c. 500 CE): Thousands of large stone jars scattered across the Xiangkhoang Plateau in Laos, associated with Iron Age mortuary practices.
• Co Loa Citadel (c. 256 BCE – c. 965 CE): Capital of Âu Lac (256 BCE–207 BCE), Ngô Dynasty (947–965).
• Zu Chongzhi's value of pi (c. 480 CE): The mathematician Zu Chongzhi calculated pi to between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927, a record that stood for about a thousand years.
• Longmen Grottoes (c. 493 CE): Tens of thousands of Buddhist statues carved into limestone cliffs south of Luoyang from the Northern Wei to the Tang.

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