Sultanate of Malacca

State · 1459–1861 CE · at its largest around 1512 CE

A Malay sultanate on the Strait of Malacca that became a leading entrepôt of Southeast Asian trade and a centre for the spread of Islam, until the Portuguese captured the city in 1511.

On its lands while it lasted

Malacca Sultanate (c. 1400–1511 CE): Sultanate founded by Parameswara around 1400 that became the leading entrepôt of the Strait of Malacca and helped spread Islam through the archipelago.
Capture of Malacca (1511 CE): Portuguese forces under Afonso de Albuquerque conquered Malacca in 1511, gaining control of the strait and the spice trade.
Johor Bahru (c. 1529 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Johor (1529–1884).
Bintan Island (c. 1529 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Johor (1529–1884).
Kota Bharu (c. 1762 CE): Capital of Kelantan (1762–1904).
Seremban (c. 1775 CE): Capital of Negeri Sembilan (1775–1894).
Bukittinggi (1784 CE): Capital of Republic of Indonesia (1948–1950).
Founding of modern Singapore (1819 CE): Stamford Raffles established a British trading post at Singapore in 1819, which grew into a major free port.
Kuala Lumpur (1857 CE): Capital of Federation of Malaya (1958–1962), Malaysia (1963–today).