Syria

State · 1973–2026 CE · at its largest around 2006 CE

Syria under the Assad family's Ba'athist rule, with Hafez al-Assad succeeded by his son Bashar in 2000. A popular uprising in 2011 turned into a long civil war, and the Assad government fell in December 2024.

On its lands while it lasted

Syrian civil war (2011–2024 CE): Protests against Bashar al-Assad's government in 2011 escalated into a multi-sided war that killed hundreds of thousands and displaced millions, ending with Assad's fall in December 2024.
Turkey–Syria earthquakes (2023 CE): Two major earthquakes, of magnitude 7.8 and 7.7, struck southern Turkey and northern Syria, killing more than 50,000 people.
Fall of the Assad regime (2024 CE): Rebel forces led by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham captured Damascus in a rapid offensive, ending over 50 years of Assad family rule; Bashar al-Assad fled to Russia.