Tughlaq Dynasty

State · 1326–1414 CE · at its largest around 1333 CE

Muhammad bin Tughluq was one of history's most daring and erratic rulers, moving his capital to Daulatabad and issuing a failed brass coinage. Ibn Battuta served as a judge at his court, and his successor Firuz Shah built canals, gardens, mosques and colleges.

On its lands while it lasted

Vallabhi (c. 476–1948 CE): Capital of Maitraka Dynasty (476–731).
Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526 CE): Series of Muslim dynasties ruling from Delhi, beginning with Qutb ud-Din Aibak in 1206 and ending with the Lodi defeat at Panipat in 1526.
Ibn Battuta’s travels: Anatolia, India and China (1332–1346 CE): Ibn Battuta crossed Anatolia and the Black Sea to the Golden Horde, travelled via Bukhara to Delhi, where he served as a judge for years, then went via the Maldives and Sumatra to China, which he reached around 1345.
Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646 CE): South Indian empire founded by Harihara I and Bukka Raya I in 1336, a major patron of Hindu culture and temple architecture.
Vijayanagara (c. 1344–1571 CE): Capital of Vijayanagara Empire (1344–1571).
Thatta (c. 1344 CE): Capital of Sind-Samma Dynasty (1344–1520).
Vellore (c. 1344 CE): Capital of Vijayanagara Empire (1344–1571).
Baramulla (c. 1344 CE): Capital of Kashmiri Sultanate (1344–1587).
Penukonda (c. 1344 CE): Capital of Vijayanagara Empire (1344–1571).
Chandragiri (c. 1344 CE): Capital of Vijayanagara Empire (1344–1571).
Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1527 CE): First independent Muslim kingdom of the Deccan, founded at Gulbarga in 1347 and later split into the five Deccan sultanates.
Kalaburagi (c. 1352 CE): Capital of Bahmani Sultanate (1352–1491).
Jaunpur (1359 CE): Capital of Jaunpur Sultanate (1395–1479).