Tulunids

State · 875–910 CE · at its largest around 878 CE

A dynasty founded by Ahmad ibn Tulun, an Abbasid governor who made Egypt and Syria autonomous. The Abbasids restored direct control in 905.

On its lands while it lasted

• Palmyra (c. 261–1929 CE): Capital of Palmyrene Empire (261–269).

More on Wikipedia.