Visigothic Kingdom

State · 426–723 CE · at its largest around 490 CE

A Germanic kingdom first centred on Toulouse in Gaul and, after defeat by the Franks in 507, on Toledo in Hispania. It collapsed during the Umayyad conquest from 711.

On its lands while it lasted

Lyon (c. 443 CE): Capital of Burgundian Kingdom (443–534).
Toulouse (c. 476 CE): Capital of Visigothic Kingdom (476–507), County of Toulouse (990–1249), Duchy of Aquitaine (990–1439).
Barcelona (c. 507 CE): Capital of Visigothic Kingdom (507–542), Catalonia (1640–1641), Second Spanish Republic (1932–1938).
Toledo (c. 542 CE): Capital of Visigothic Kingdom (542–711), Taifa of Toledo (1010–1085).
Isidore of Seville (c. 560 CE – 636 CE): Archbishop of Seville whose encyclopedia, the Etymologies, transmitted classical learning to medieval Europe.
Third Council of Toledo (589 CE): The Visigothic king Reccared I renounced Arianism for Catholic Christianity, uniting the Visigoths and Hispano-Romans in one faith.
Umayyad conquest of Hispania (711–718 CE): Umayyad forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad crossed from North Africa and conquered most of the Visigothic kingdom within a few years.
Reconquista (718–1492 CE): Centuries-long series of campaigns by Christian kingdoms to take the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule, ending with the fall of Granada in 1492.
Battle of Covadonga (c. 722 CE): Asturian forces under Pelagius defeated a Muslim army in the mountains of Asturias, traditionally seen as the start of the Reconquista.