Faras

City · c. 400–650 CE · in the Middle East

Capital of Nobatia (400–650).

Soba (400–1504 CE): Capital of Alodia (600–1504).
Turkistan (401 CE): Capital of Kazakh Khanate (1599–1729).
Zhangye (c. 397 CE): Capital of Northern Liang (397–439).
Ravenna (c. 395 CE): Capital of Western Roman Empire (395–476), Ostrogothic Kingdom (500–553).
Mediolanum (c. 395–402 CE): Capital of Western Roman Empire (395–402).
Lanzhou (c. 387 CE): Capital of Western Qin (387–431).
Pingcheng District (c. 387 CE): Capital of Northern Wei (387–533).
Braga (c. 414 CE): Capital of Kingdom of the Suebi (414–585), Kingdom of Galicia (911–1125).
Gyeongju (c. 378 CE): Capital of Silla (378–681), Unified Silla (682–892).
Jiankang (c. 426 CE): Capital of Liu Song Dynasty (426–479), Southern Qi (480–502), Chen Dynasty (561–589).

Around the same time and place

Muhammad (c. 570 CE – 632 CE): The prophet of Islam, born in Mecca, who united much of Arabia under the new faith before his death in Medina.
First revelation of the Quran (c. 610 CE): According to Islamic tradition, Muhammad received his first revelation in the cave of Hira near Mecca in 610, beginning the Quran and the religion of Islam.
The Hijra (622 CE): Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina, where he established the first Muslim community; the year marks the start of the Islamic calendar.
Battle of the Yarmuk (636 CE): Arab Muslim armies decisively defeated the Byzantine army near the Yarmuk River, opening the Levant to the Muslim conquest.
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE): Mu'awiya I founded the Umayyad Caliphate with its capital at Damascus; it extended Muslim rule from Iberia to Central Asia.
Dome of the Rock (c. 691 CE): Built on Jerusalem's Temple Mount under the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik, it is the oldest surviving major work of Islamic architecture.
Ezana of Aksum adopts Christianity (c. 330 CE): King Ezana of Aksum converted to Christianity around 330, making Aksum one of the first states to officially adopt the faith.
Church of the Holy Sepulchre (335 CE): Built under Emperor Constantine on the site traditionally identified with Jesus's crucifixion and burial, it was dedicated in 335.