Mashhad

City · 818 CE · in Europe

Capital of Afsharid Iran (1736–1756).

Related

• Nitra (c. 814 CE): Capital of Principality of Nitra (814–839).
• Aínsa (c. 825 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Sobrarbe (825–829).
• Heraklion (c. 830 CE): Capital of Emirate of Crete (830–960).
• Jaca (c. 830 CE): Capital of County of Aragon (830–921).
• Yasodharapura (c. 802–1431 CE): Capital of Khmer Empire (802–1431).
• Hariharalaya (c. 802–1431 CE): Capital of Khmer Empire (802–1431).
• Prague (800 CE): Capital of Duchy of Bohemia (896–1002), Kingdom of Bohemia (1202–1528), Holy Roman Empire (1346–1611), and 4 more.
• Ribe (800 CE): Capital of North Sea Empire (1018–1035).
• Samarra (c. 836–892 CE): Capital of Abbasid Caliphate (836–892).
• Kyoto (Heian-kyo) (794 CE): Emperor Kanmu moved the capital to Heian-kyo, which remained Japan's imperial capital until 1868.

Around the same time and place

• Silk Road (c. 130 BCE – c. 1450 CE): A network of overland caravan routes linking China with Central Asia, Persia and the Mediterranean, along which silk, spices, horses, religions, technologies and diseases travelled for more than 1,500 years.
• Al-Khwarizmi's algebra (c. 820 CE): Al-Khwarizmi's treatise on solving linear and quadratic equations systematically founded algebra as a discipline; the word 'algebra' comes from al-jabr in its title.
• Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258 CE): The Abbasid dynasty, descended from Muhammad's uncle, took the caliphate from the Umayyads and ruled from Iraq, presiding over the Islamic Golden Age.
• House of Wisdom (c. 830 CE): An Abbasid centre of scholarship in Baghdad that flourished under Caliph al-Ma'mun, where scholars translated Greek, Persian and Indian works into Arabic.
• Sogdians (c. 500 BCE – c. 900 CE): Iranian people of the Zeravshan valley around Samarkand and Bukhara whose merchants dominated trade along the Silk Roads, especially between the 4th and 8th centuries.
• Harun al-Rashid (c. 763 CE – 809 CE): Fifth Abbasid caliph (r. 786–809), whose reign is remembered as a golden age of Baghdad and who appears in the One Thousand and One Nights.
• Al-Khwarizmi (c. 780 CE – 850 CE): A Persian mathematician and astronomer at the House of Wisdom whose works introduced algebra and Hindu–Arabic numerals to later scholars; the word 'algorithm' derives from his name.
• Paper mill in Baghdad (c. 794 CE): Papermaking reached Baghdad from Central Asia; a paper mill is recorded there around 794, making paper widely available for books and records in the Islamic world.

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