Nishapur

City · c. 1040 CE · in Europe

Capital of Great Seljuk Empire (1040–1194).

Ronda (c. 1040 CE): Capital of Taifa of Ronda (1040–1065).
Hamadan (c. 1040 CE): Capital of Great Seljuk Empire (1040–1194).
Tremp (c. 1040 CE): Capital of County of Pallars Jussà (1040–1191).
Silves (c. 1040 CE): Capital of Taifa of Silves (1040–1063).
Morfil (c. 1040 CE): Capital of Takrur (1040–1235).
Yinchuan (c. 1038 CE): Capital of Western Xia (1038–1226).
Yangon (1035 CE): Capital of Burma (1948–1989), Union of Myanmar (1990–2005).
Algeciras (c. 1035 CE): Capital of Taifa of Algeciras (1035–1058).
Oslo (1048 CE): Capital of Kalmar Union (1402–1523), Denmark-Norway (1536–1814), Kingdom of Norway (1814–today).
Ouagadougou (1050 CE): Capital of Burkina Faso (1961–today).

Around the same time and place

Silk Road (c. 130 BCE – c. 1450 CE): A network of overland caravan routes linking China with Central Asia, Persia and the Mediterranean, along which silk, spices, horses, religions, technologies and diseases travelled for more than 1,500 years.
Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258 CE): The Abbasid dynasty, descended from Muhammad's uncle, took the caliphate from the Umayyads and ruled from Iraq, presiding over the Islamic Golden Age.
Avicenna (c. 980 CE – 1037 CE): A Persian physician and philosopher, author of The Canon of Medicine and The Book of Healing, one of the most influential thinkers of the Islamic Golden Age.
Battle of Manzikert (1071 CE): The Seljuk sultan Alp Arslan defeated and captured the Byzantine emperor Romanos IV Diogenes, opening Anatolia to Turkish settlement.
Samanid Empire (819–999 CE): Persian dynasty ruling from Bukhara whose court fostered a revival of the Persian language and literature within the Islamic world.
Mahmud of Ghazni (971 CE – 1030 CE): Ghaznavid sultan who led repeated raids into northern India, including the sack of the Somnath temple, and made Ghazni a cultural capital.
Al-Biruni (c. 973 CE – 1050 CE): Scholar from Khwarazm who wrote on astronomy, mathematics and geography and produced a detailed study of India after travelling with Mahmud of Ghazni.
Shahnameh (1010 CE): Ferdowsi completed the Shahnameh ('Book of Kings'), an epic of about 50,000 couplets on the history and legends of Iran, a cornerstone of Persian literature.