Pergamon

City · 801 BCE – 62 CE · in Europe

Capital of Kingdom of Pontus (281 BCE–62), Kingdom of Pergamon (279 BCE–133 BCE).

Arzashkun (c. 800 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Urartu (800 BCE–590 BCE).
Tushpa (c. 800–590 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Urartu (800 BCE–590 BCE).
Yerevan (782 BCE): Capital of Republic of Armenia (1992–today).
Tengzhou (c. 750 BCE): Capital of Teng (750 BCE–451 BCE).
Fengtai County (c. 750 BCE): Capital of Cai (750 BCE–451 BCE).
Huaiyang District (c. 750 BCE): Capital of Chen (750 BCE–479 BCE).
Xincai County (c. 750 BCE): Capital of Cai (750 BCE–451 BCE).
Shangcai County (c. 750 BCE): Capital of Cai (750 BCE–451 BCE).
Aigai (750 BCE – 100 CE): Capital of Macedonian Empire (675 BCE–292 BCE).
Huazhou District (c. 750 BCE): Capital of Zheng (750 BCE–375 BCE).

Around the same time and place

Phoenician alphabet (c. 1,050 BCE): The Phoenicians developed a 22-letter consonantal alphabet that spread through Mediterranean trade and became the ancestor of the Greek, Latin, Hebrew and Arabic scripts.
First Olympic Games (776 BCE): Traditional date of the first Olympic Games at Olympia, a festival for Zeus with athletic contests held every four years until the late 4th century CE.
Rome (753 BCE): According to tradition Rome was founded by Romulus in 753 BCE; it grew from a settlement on the Palatine Hill into the capital of a Mediterranean empire.
Iliad (c. 750 BCE): Epic poem attributed to Homer about the Trojan War, generally dated to the 8th century BCE; with the Odyssey, a foundational work of Western literature.
Athenian democracy (508 BCE): The reforms of Cleisthenes in 508/507 BCE created a system in which male citizens voted directly on laws, the earliest well-documented democracy.
Socrates (c. 470 BCE – 399 BCE): Athenian philosopher who examined ethics through questioning dialogue; he was sentenced to death by drinking hemlock in 399 BCE.
Parthenon (447 BCE): Temple of Athena on the Athenian Acropolis, built 447–432 BCE under Pericles; the supreme monument of classical Greek architecture.
Aristotle (384 BCE – 322 BCE): Philosopher and polymath, student of Plato and tutor of Alexander the Great, who founded the Lyceum and wrote on logic, biology, ethics and politics.