Al-Hirah

City · c. 270–602 CE · in the Middle East

Capital of Lakhmid Kingdom (270–602).

Jeju (c. 263 CE): Capital of Tamna (263–1278).
Cologne (c. 261 CE): Capital of Gallic Empire (261–274).
Palmyra (c. 261–1929 CE): Capital of Palmyrene Empire (261–269).
Washim (c. 260 CE): Capital of Vakataka Kingdom (260–500).
Kanchipuram (c. 283 CE): Capital of Late Pallava Empire (283–805).
San Marino (301 CE): Capital of Republic of San Marino (1797–1799).
Linfen (c. 306 CE): Capital of Former Zhao (306–329).
Luoyang (c. 224 CE): Capital of Cao Wei (224–264), Western Jin (266–420), Eastern Wei (534–550), and 1 more.
Ezhou (c. 207 CE): Capital of Eastern Wu (207–229).
Vijaya (c. 207 CE): Capital of Chámpa (207–1652).

Around the same time and place

Muhammad (c. 570 CE – 632 CE): The prophet of Islam, born in Mecca, who united much of Arabia under the new faith before his death in Medina.
First revelation of the Quran (c. 610 CE): According to Islamic tradition, Muhammad received his first revelation in the cave of Hira near Mecca in 610, beginning the Quran and the religion of Islam.
The Hijra (622 CE): Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina, where he established the first Muslim community; the year marks the start of the Islamic calendar.
Baghdad (762 CE): Founded by the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur as a round city on the Tigris, Baghdad became the Abbasid capital and one of the largest cities in the world.
Uruk (c. 5,000 BCE – c. 700 CE): Sumerian city on the Euphrates that by about 3100 BCE was probably the largest city in the world, centre of the first urban civilization.
Arabic script (512 CE): Arabic writing grew out of the Nabataean alphabet; the Zabad inscription of 512 is among its earliest dated examples, and with the Quran the script spread from Spain to Indonesia.
Battle of the Yarmuk (636 CE): Arab Muslim armies decisively defeated the Byzantine army near the Yarmuk River, opening the Levant to the Muslim conquest.
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE): Mu'awiya I founded the Umayyad Caliphate with its capital at Damascus; it extended Muslim rule from Iberia to Central Asia.