Ani

City · c. 886–1319 CE · in Europe

Capital of Bagratid Armenia (886–1045).

Kars (c. 886 CE): Capital of Bagratid Armenia (886–1045).
Bagaran (c. 886–1045 CE): Capital of Bagratid Armenia (886–1045).
Shirakavan (c. 886–1045 CE): Capital of Bagratid Armenia (886–1045).
Burgos (884 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Castile (1065–1235).
Hotan (c. 888 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Khotan (888–1006).
Ardanuç (c. 888 CE): Capital of Kingdom of the Iberians (888–999).
Oltu (c. 888 CE): Capital of Kingdom of the Iberians (888–999).
Jeonju (c. 892 CE): Capital of Hubaekje (892–935).
Kediri (879 CE): Capital of Kediri Kingdom (1046–1221).
Badajoz (875 CE): Capital of Taifa of Badajoz (1010–1151).

Around the same time and place

Baghdad (762 CE): Founded by the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur as a round city on the Tigris, Baghdad became the Abbasid capital and one of the largest cities in the world.
Al-Khwarizmi's algebra (c. 820 CE): Al-Khwarizmi's treatise on solving linear and quadratic equations systematically founded algebra as a discipline; the word 'algebra' comes from al-jabr in its title.
First Crusade (1096–1099 CE): Answering Pope Urban II’s call, armies of western knights marched to Constantinople, crossed Anatolia, took Antioch after a long siege and captured Jerusalem in July 1099, founding the crusader states.
Mongol sack of Baghdad (1258 CE): Mongol forces under Hulagu Khan captured and sacked Baghdad, killing the last Abbasid caliph in Baghdad and ending the Abbasid Caliphate there.
Founding of the Ottoman state (c. 1299 CE): Osman I, leader of a Turkish principality in northwestern Anatolia, founded the dynasty whose state grew into the Ottoman Empire, which lasted until 1922.
Fall of Constantinople (1453 CE): Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II captured Constantinople, ending the Byzantine Empire; the city became the Ottoman capital.
Uruk (c. 5,000 BCE – c. 700 CE): Sumerian city on the Euphrates that by about 3100 BCE was probably the largest city in the world, centre of the first urban civilization.
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE): Mu'awiya I founded the Umayyad Caliphate with its capital at Damascus; it extended Muslim rule from Iberia to Central Asia.