Avarga

City · c. 1206 CE · in Central Asia

Capital of Mongol Empire (1206–1235).

Dresden (1206 CE): Capital of Electorate of Saxony (1547–1805), Kingdom of Saxony (1806–1808).
Auch (c. 1206 CE): Capital of County of Armagnac (1206–1496).
Trabzon (c. 1206 CE): Capital of Empire of Trebizond (1206–1461).
Poitiers (c. 1206 CE): Capital of County of Poitou (1206–1249).
Arta (c. 1206 CE): Capital of Despotate of Epirus (1206–1479).
Xanadu (c. 1206–1439 CE): Capital of Mongol Empire (1206–1293), Northern Yuan (1375–1439).
Andravida (c. 1206 CE): Capital of Principality of Achaea (1206–1432).
Banda Aceh (1205 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Aceh (1516–1903).
Koulikoro (c. 1202 CE): Capital of Sosso Empire (1202–1235).
Kalisz (c. 1210 CE): Capital of Duchy of Kalisz (1210–1219).

Around the same time and place

Genghis Khan (c. 1162 CE – 1227 CE): Temüjin united the Mongol tribes and, as Genghis Khan, launched conquests that created the largest contiguous land empire in history.
Founding of the Mongol Empire (1206 CE): A great assembly near the source of the Onon River proclaimed Temüjin as Genghis Khan, ruler of all the Mongols.
Song dynasty (960–1279 CE): Founded by Zhao Kuangyin with its capital at Kaifeng, the Song saw a commercial revolution, paper money and advances in printing and science.
Kublai Khan (1215 CE – 1294 CE): Grandson of Genghis Khan who founded the Yuan dynasty and completed the Mongol conquest of China.
Imperial examination system (605–1905 CE): The Sui formalised civil service examinations for selecting officials, a system that lasted until its abolition in 1905.
Jin dynasty (Jurchen) (1115–1234 CE): The Jurchen leader Aguda founded the Jin, which destroyed the Liao and conquered northern China from the Song.
Karakorum (c. 1220–1388 CE): Capital of the Mongol Empire, walled under Ögedei Khan in 1235; destroyed by Ming forces in 1388.
Hanlin Academy (738–1911 CE): Emperor Xuanzong of Tang founded the Hanlin Academy in Chang’an as a body of scholars who drafted imperial documents. Under later dynasties it became an elite institution of top examination graduates, lasting until 1911.