Trabzon

City · c. 1206 CE · in Europe

Capital of Empire of Trebizond (1206–1461).

Dresden (1206 CE): Capital of Electorate of Saxony (1547–1805), Kingdom of Saxony (1806–1808).
Auch (c. 1206 CE): Capital of County of Armagnac (1206–1496).
Poitiers (c. 1206 CE): Capital of County of Poitou (1206–1249).
Arta (c. 1206 CE): Capital of Despotate of Epirus (1206–1479).
Xanadu (c. 1206–1439 CE): Capital of Mongol Empire (1206–1293), Northern Yuan (1375–1439).
Avarga (c. 1206 CE): Capital of Mongol Empire (1206–1235).
Andravida (c. 1206 CE): Capital of Principality of Achaea (1206–1432).
Banda Aceh (1205 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Aceh (1516–1903).
Koulikoro (c. 1202 CE): Capital of Sosso Empire (1202–1235).
Kalisz (c. 1210 CE): Capital of Duchy of Kalisz (1210–1219).

Around the same time and place

Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258 CE): The Abbasid dynasty, descended from Muhammad's uncle, took the caliphate from the Umayyads and ruled from Iraq, presiding over the Islamic Golden Age.
Knights Templar (c. 1119–1312 CE): Hugues de Payens and fellow knights founded this military order in Jerusalem around 1119 to protect pilgrims, with headquarters on the Temple Mount. It grew rich and powerful until Pope Clement V dissolved it in 1312 under pressure from Philip IV of France.
Saladin (c. 1137 CE – 1193 CE): Kurdish founder of the Ayyubid dynasty who became sultan of Egypt and Syria, defeated the crusaders at Hattin and retook Jerusalem in 1187.
Sack of Constantinople (1204) (1204 CE): Armies of the Fourth Crusade sacked Constantinople and set up a Latin Empire, permanently weakening Byzantium.
Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' (1237–1242 CE): Mongol armies under Batu Khan destroyed Ryazan, Vladimir and Kyiv, subjecting the Rus' principalities to Mongol overlordship for over two centuries.
Palmyra (c. 261–1929 CE): Capital of Palmyrene Empire (261–269).
Maimonides (c. 1138 CE – 1204 CE): A Jewish philosopher, legal scholar and physician from Córdoba who settled in Fustat, author of the Mishneh Torah and The Guide for the Perplexed.
Battle of Hattin (1187 CE): Saladin destroyed the army of the Kingdom of Jerusalem near Tiberias, leading to his recapture of Jerusalem later that year.