Balasagun

City · c. 850–1218 CE · in Central Asia

Capital of Kara-Khanids (850–1045), Eastern Kara-Khanids (1046–1138), Western Karakhanid Khanate (1046–1084), and 1 more.

Related

• Kashgar (c. 850 CE): Capital of Kara-Khanids (850–1045), Eastern Kara-Khanids (1046–1138), Western Karakhanid Khanate (1046–1084), and 4 more.
• Palermo (c. 850 CE): Capital of Emirate of Sicily (850–1091), Kingdom of Sicily (1139–1266), Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1815–1860).
• Gangaikonda Cholapuram (c. 850 CE): Capital of Chola Empire (850–1259).
• Sibenik (860 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Croatia (926–1098).
• Beiting (c. 860–1138 CE): Capital of Qocho Kingdom (860–1138).
• Brunswick (861 CE): Capital of Duchy of Brunswick (1815–1870).
• Zaranj (c. 861 CE): Capital of Saffarid Dynasty (861–899).
• Smolensk (863 CE): Capital of Principality of Smolensk (1056–1406).
• Samarra (c. 836–892 CE): Capital of Abbasid Caliphate (836–892).
• Olbia (c. 866 CE): Capital of Giudicato of Gallura (866–1209).

Around the same time and place

• Silk Road (c. 130 BCE – c. 1450 CE): A network of overland caravan routes linking China with Central Asia, Persia and the Mediterranean, along which silk, spices, horses, religions, technologies and diseases travelled for more than 1,500 years.
• Timur (1336 CE – 1405 CE): Turco-Mongol conqueror born near Kesh (Shahrisabz) who built an empire from Anatolia to India, sacked Delhi in 1398 and made Samarkand his capital.
• Battle of Talas (751 CE): Abbasid forces defeated a Tang Chinese army near the Talas River, ending Tang expansion westward into Central Asia.
• Second Battle of Tarain (1192 CE): Muhammad of Ghor defeated Prithviraj Chauhan, opening northern India to Ghurid rule and paving the way for the Delhi Sultanate.
• Mongols invade Khwarazm (1219–1221 CE): After the massacre of a Mongol trade caravan at Otrar, Genghis Khan invaded the Khwarazmian Empire, sacking Bukhara, Samarkand and other cities and pursuing Jalal ad-Din to the Indus.
• Campaigns of Timur (1370–1405 CE): From Samarkand, Timur (Tamerlane) campaigned across Persia, the Golden Horde, India (sacking Delhi in 1398), Syria and Anatolia, where he captured the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I at Ankara in 1402. He died at Otrar in 1405 while marching on China.
• Timurid Empire (1370–1507 CE): Empire founded by Timur in 1370; under his successors Samarkand and Herat became centres of a Persianate cultural flowering.
• Sogdians (c. 500 BCE – c. 900 CE): Iranian people of the Zeravshan valley around Samarkand and Bukhara whose merchants dominated trade along the Silk Roads, especially between the 4th and 8th centuries.

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