Kashgar

City · c. 850 CE · in Central Asia

Capital of Kara-Khanids (850–1045), Eastern Kara-Khanids (1046–1138), Western Karakhanid Khanate (1046–1084), and 4 more.

Palermo (c. 850 CE): Capital of Emirate of Sicily (850–1091), Kingdom of Sicily (1139–1266), Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1815–1860).
Balasagun (c. 850–1218 CE): Capital of Kara-Khanids (850–1045), Eastern Kara-Khanids (1046–1138), Western Karakhanid Khanate (1046–1084), and 1 more.
Gangaikonda Cholapuram (c. 850 CE): Capital of Chola Empire (850–1259).
Sibenik (860 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Croatia (926–1098).
Beiting (c. 860–1138 CE): Capital of Qocho Kingdom (860–1138).
Brunswick (861 CE): Capital of Duchy of Brunswick (1815–1870).
Zaranj (c. 861 CE): Capital of Saffarid Dynasty (861–899).
Smolensk (863 CE): Capital of Principality of Smolensk (1056–1406).
Samarra (c. 836–892 CE): Capital of Abbasid Caliphate (836–892).
Olbia (c. 866 CE): Capital of Giudicato of Gallura (866–1209).

Around the same time and place

Silk Road (c. 130 BCE – c. 1450 CE): A network of overland caravan routes linking China with Central Asia, Persia and the Mediterranean, along which silk, spices, horses, religions, technologies and diseases travelled for more than 1,500 years.
Sogdians (c. 500 BCE – c. 900 CE): Iranian people of the Zeravshan valley around Samarkand and Bukhara whose merchants dominated trade along the Silk Roads, especially between the 4th and 8th centuries.
Mashhad (818 CE): Capital of Afsharid Iran (1736–1756).
Samanid Empire (819–999 CE): Persian dynasty ruling from Bukhara whose court fostered a revival of the Persian language and literature within the Islamic world.
Al-Farabi (c. 872 CE – 950 CE): Philosopher, probably born at Farab on the Syr Darya, known as the "Second Teacher" after Aristotle, who wrote on logic, political philosophy and music.
Muhammad al-Bukhari (810 CE – 870 CE): Islamic scholar from Bukhara who compiled Sahih al-Bukhari, regarded by Sunni Muslims as the most authoritative collection of hadith.
Kara-Khanid Khanate (c. 840–1212 CE): Turkic dynasty that ruled Transoxiana and the Tian Shan region and was among the first Turkic states to adopt Islam.
Rudaki (c. 858 CE – 941 CE): Poet at the Samanid court often regarded as the founder of classical Persian poetry.