Carchemish

City · 1,901–901 BCE · in Europe

Capital of Assyria (1800 BCE–901 BCE).

Itjtawy (c. 2,000–1,782 BCE): Capital of Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2000 BCE–1782 BCE).
Damascus (2,001 BCE): Capital of Umayyad Caliphate (661–744), Zengid dynasty (1139–1250), French Mandate for Syria and Lebanon (1923–1945), and 4 more.
Uplistsikhe (2,001 BCE – 740 CE): Capital of Principality of Iberia (682–740).
Harran (c. 1,800 BCE): Capital of Assyria (1800 BCE–901 BCE), Umayyad Caliphate (744–750).
Nimrud (c. 1,800–612 BCE): Capital of Assyria (1800 BCE–901 BCE).
Nineveh (c. 1,800–612 BCE): Capital of Assyria (1800 BCE–901 BCE).
Dur-Sharrukin (c. 1,800–605 BCE): Capital of Assyria (1800 BCE–901 BCE).
Tell Leilan (c. 1,800–901 BCE): Capital of Assyria (1800 BCE–901 BCE).
Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta (c. 1,800–901 BCE): Capital of Assyria (1800 BCE–901 BCE).
Babylon (2,201 BCE – 1 CE): Capital of Babylonia (1800 BCE–601 BCE), Neo-Babylonian Empire (600 BCE–539 BCE), Achaemenid Empire (550 BCE–330 BCE).

Around the same time and place

Epic of Gilgamesh (c. 2,100 BCE): An epic about Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, whose earliest Sumerian episodes date to around the Third Dynasty of Ur; it is among the oldest surviving great works of literature.
Code of Hammurabi (c. 1,754 BCE): A Babylonian legal text of 282 laws inscribed on a basalt stele, known for its principle of proportional retribution; the stele was found at Susa in 1901.
Phoenician alphabet (c. 1,050 BCE): The Phoenicians developed a 22-letter consonantal alphabet that spread through Mediterranean trade and became the ancestor of the Greek, Latin, Hebrew and Arabic scripts.
First Olympic Games (776 BCE): Traditional date of the first Olympic Games at Olympia, a festival for Zeus with athletic contests held every four years until the late 4th century CE.
Iliad (c. 750 BCE): Epic poem attributed to Homer about the Trojan War, generally dated to the 8th century BCE; with the Odyssey, a foundational work of Western literature.
Athenian democracy (508 BCE): The reforms of Cleisthenes in 508/507 BCE created a system in which male citizens voted directly on laws, the earliest well-documented democracy.
Socrates (c. 470 BCE – 399 BCE): Athenian philosopher who examined ethics through questioning dialogue; he was sentenced to death by drinking hemlock in 399 BCE.
Parthenon (447 BCE): Temple of Athena on the Athenian Acropolis, built 447–432 BCE under Pericles; the supreme monument of classical Greek architecture.