Tell Leilan

City · c. 1,800–901 BCE · in Europe

Capital of Assyria (1800 BCE–901 BCE).

Harran (c. 1,800 BCE): Capital of Assyria (1800 BCE–901 BCE), Umayyad Caliphate (744–750).
Nimrud (c. 1,800–612 BCE): Capital of Assyria (1800 BCE–901 BCE).
Nineveh (c. 1,800–612 BCE): Capital of Assyria (1800 BCE–901 BCE).
Dur-Sharrukin (c. 1,800–605 BCE): Capital of Assyria (1800 BCE–901 BCE).
Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta (c. 1,800–901 BCE): Capital of Assyria (1800 BCE–901 BCE).
Carchemish (1,901–901 BCE): Capital of Assyria (1800 BCE–901 BCE).
Itjtawy (c. 2,000–1,782 BCE): Capital of Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2000 BCE–1782 BCE).
Damascus (2,001 BCE): Capital of Umayyad Caliphate (661–744), Zengid dynasty (1139–1250), French Mandate for Syria and Lebanon (1923–1945), and 4 more.
Uplistsikhe (2,001 BCE – 740 CE): Capital of Principality of Iberia (682–740).
Tell el Fakhariya (c. 1,500–1,260 BCE): Capital of Mitanni (1500 BCE–1260 BCE).

Around the same time and place

Epic of Gilgamesh (c. 2,100 BCE): An epic about Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, whose earliest Sumerian episodes date to around the Third Dynasty of Ur; it is among the oldest surviving great works of literature.
Code of Hammurabi (c. 1,754 BCE): A Babylonian legal text of 282 laws inscribed on a basalt stele, known for its principle of proportional retribution; the stele was found at Susa in 1901.
Phoenician alphabet (c. 1,050 BCE): The Phoenicians developed a 22-letter consonantal alphabet that spread through Mediterranean trade and became the ancestor of the Greek, Latin, Hebrew and Arabic scripts.
Iliad (c. 750 BCE): Epic poem attributed to Homer about the Trojan War, generally dated to the 8th century BCE; with the Odyssey, a foundational work of Western literature.
Cyrus the Great (c. 600 BCE – 530 BCE): Founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, which he expanded from Anatolia to Central Asia by conquering Media, Lydia and Babylon.
Eridu (c. 5,400–600 BCE): Regarded by the Sumerians as the first city; its temple to the god Enki was rebuilt many times from the Ubaid period onward.
Uruk (c. 5,000 BCE – c. 700 CE): Sumerian city on the Euphrates that by about 3100 BCE was probably the largest city in the world, centre of the first urban civilization.
Ziggurat of Ur (c. 2,100 BCE): A massive stepped temple platform built by Ur-Nammu and his son Shulgi for the moon god Nanna; its lower levels were partly reconstructed in the 20th century.