Djibouti

City · 1888 CE · in the Middle East

Capital of Republic of Djibouti (1979–today).

Yaoundé (1888 CE): Capital of Republic of Cameroon (1960–today).
Bangui (1889 CE): Capital of Central African Republic (1961–today).
Tokyo City (1889–1943 CE): Capital of Empire of Japan (1889–1943).
Addis Ababa (1886 CE): Capital of Ethiopia founded in 1886 by Menelik II and Empress Taytu; seat of the African Union.
Omdurman (c. 1890 CE): Capital of Mahdist State (1890–1899).
Harare (1890 CE): Capital of Rhodesia (1967–1978), Zimbabwe Rhodesia (1979–1979), Republic of Zimbabwe (1983–today).
Vryheid (1884 CE): Capital of Nieuwe Republiek (1885–1888).
Ashgabat (1881 CE): Capital of Turkmenistan (1992–today).
Kinshasa (1881 CE): Founded as Léopoldville by Henry Morton Stanley in 1881, it is the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and one of Africa's largest cities.
Brazzaville (1880 CE): Capital of Free French (1940–1943).

Around the same time and place

Haile Selassie (1892 CE – 1975 CE): Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974 who appealed to the League of Nations against the Italian invasion; deposed by the Derg military junta in 1974.
Battle of Adwa (1896 CE): Ethiopian forces under Emperor Menelik II decisively defeated an Italian army on 1 March 1896, securing Ethiopia's independence during the Scramble for Africa.
Second Italo-Ethiopian War (1935–1937 CE): Fascist Italy invaded Ethiopia in October 1935, using chemical weapons, and occupied Addis Ababa in May 1936; the League of Nations failed to stop it.
Menelik II (1844 CE – 1913 CE): Emperor of Ethiopia from 1889 who expanded the empire, founded Addis Ababa and defeated Italy at Adwa in 1896.
Asmara (1897 CE): Capital of State of Eritrea (1993–today).
Arab Revolt (1916–1918 CE): Sharif Hussein of Mecca led an Arab uprising against Ottoman rule with British support; Arab forces took Aqaba in 1917 and entered Damascus in 1918.
Mecca (c. 1916 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Hejaz (1916–1925).
Juba (1922 CE): Capital of South Sudan (2014–today).