Mecca

City · c. 1916 CE · in the Middle East

Capital of Kingdom of Hejaz (1916–1925).

Related

• Canberra (1913 CE): Purpose-built capital of Australia, named in 1913 and designed by Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin; Parliament moved there in 1927.
• Nizwa (c. 1913 CE): Capital of Imamate of Oman (1913–1919).
• Tallinn (c. 1919 CE): Capital of Estonia (1919–1939), Republic of Estonia (1992–today).
• Gitega (1912 CE): Capital of Republic of Burundi (2019–today).
• Juba (1922 CE): Capital of South Sudan (2014–today).
• Ajdir (c. 1922 CE): Capital of Republic of the Rif (1922–1925).
• Beirut (c. 1923 CE): Capital of French Mandate for Syria and Lebanon (1923–1945), Lebanon (1944–1946).
• Boma (c. 1908 CE): Capital of Belgian Congo (1908–1960).
• Ankara (c. 1924 CE): Capital of Republic of Turkey (1924–today).
• Port Vila (c. 1907 CE): Capital of New Hebrides (1907–1980), Vanuatu (1983–today).

Around the same time and place

• Declaration of the State of Israel (1948 CE): David Ben-Gurion proclaimed the State of Israel in Tel Aviv on 14 May 1948 as the British Mandate ended, followed by war with neighbouring Arab states.
• Suez Canal route (1869 CE): The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, linked the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, letting ships sail between Europe and Asia without rounding Africa and cutting the London–Bombay voyage by thousands of kilometres.
• Haile Selassie (1892 CE – 1975 CE): Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974 who appealed to the League of Nations against the Italian invasion; deposed by the Derg military junta in 1974.
• Battle of Adwa (1896 CE): Ethiopian forces under Emperor Menelik II decisively defeated an Italian army on 1 March 1896, securing Ethiopia's independence during the Scramble for Africa.
• Oil struck at Masjed Soleyman (1908 CE): Prospectors financed by William Knox D'Arcy struck oil at Masjed Soleyman, the first major oil discovery in the Middle East, leading to the Anglo-Persian Oil Company.
• Discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb (1922 CE): Howard Carter's excavation revealed the nearly intact tomb of Tutankhamun (KV62) in the Valley of the Kings, with its gold burial mask and thousands of objects.
• Second Italo-Ethiopian War (1935–1937 CE): Fascist Italy invaded Ethiopia in October 1935, using chemical weapons, and occupied Addis Ababa in May 1936; the League of Nations failed to stop it.
• Palestinian exodus of 1948 (1947–1949 CE): About 700,000 Palestinian Arabs fled or were expelled from their homes during the 1947–1949 war, an event Palestinians call the Nakba ('catastrophe').

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