Kabul

City · c. 561 CE · in Europe

Capital of Turk Shahis (561–874), Durrani Empire (1776–1823), Emirate of Afghanistan (1828–1925), and 3 more.

Sambor Prei Kuk (c. 555–706 CE): Capital of Chenla (555–706).
Suyab (c. 555–749 CE): Capital of Göktürk Khaganate (555–586), Türgesh (704–749).
Kannauj (c. 555 CE): Capital of Maukhari Dynasty (555–606), Harsha's Empire (612–655), Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty (800–1036).
Basavakalyan (c. 555 CE): Capital of Chalukya Dynasty (555–756).
Bamburgh (c. 555 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Bernicia (555–633).
Manyakheta (c. 555 CE): Capital of Chalukya Dynasty (555–756), Rashtrakuta Dynasty (755–982), Western Chalukya Empire (980–1187).
Lucca (c. 577 CE): Capital of Duchy of Tuscia (577–586).
Benevento (c. 577 CE): Capital of Duchy of Benevento (577–1081).
Worcester (c. 577 CE): Capital of Hwicce (577–627).
Spoleto (c. 577 CE): Capital of Duchy of Spoleto (577–898).

Around the same time and place

Silk Road (c. 130 BCE – c. 1450 CE): A network of overland caravan routes linking China with Central Asia, Persia and the Mediterranean, along which silk, spices, horses, religions, technologies and diseases travelled for more than 1,500 years.
Sogdians (c. 500 BCE – c. 900 CE): Iranian people of the Zeravshan valley around Samarkand and Bukhara whose merchants dominated trade along the Silk Roads, especially between the 4th and 8th centuries.
Buddhas of Bamiyan (c. 570 CE): Two monumental standing Buddhas carved into a cliff in the Bamiyan valley in the 6th and early 7th centuries.
Brahmagupta (c. 598 CE – 668 CE): Mathematician and astronomer from Bhillamala in Rajasthan who gave the first rules for arithmetic with zero and negative numbers.
Chaturanga (c. 600 CE): Board game from Gupta-era India, attested by the 7th century, that is the common ancestor of chess, shogi and xiangqi.
Harsha (c. 590 CE – 647 CE): Emperor who ruled much of northern India from Kannauj; his court was described by the poet Bana and the Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang.
Vallabhi (c. 476–1948 CE): Capital of Maitraka Dynasty (476–731).