Rawalpindi

City · c. 1959 CE · in South Asia

Capital of Islamic Republic of Pakistan (1959–1967).

Accra (c. 1958 CE): Capital of Ghana (1958–today).
Brasília (1960 CE): Planned capital of Brazil built in the interior, with a plan by Lúcio Costa and modernist buildings by Oscar Niemeyer; inaugurated in 1960.
Dakar (c. 1960 CE): Capital of Mali Federation (1960–1960), Republic of Senegal (1961–today).
Lomé (c. 1960 CE): Capital of Togo (1960–today).
Niamey (c. 1961 CE): Capital of Republic of the Niger (1961–today).
Nouakchott (c. 1961 CE): Capital of Mauritania (1961–today).
Porto-Novo (c. 1961 CE): Capital of Republic of Benin (1961–today).
Cotonou (c. 1961 CE): Capital of Republic of Benin (1961–today).
Khartoum (c. 1956 CE): Capital of Republic of Sudan (1956–today).
Putrajaya (c. 1963 CE): Capital of Malaysia (1963–today).

Around the same time and place

Mahatma Gandhi (1869 CE – 1948 CE): Leader of the Indian independence movement who developed nonviolent mass civil disobedience (satyagraha).
Independence of India (1947 CE): India became independent on 15 August 1947, with Jawaharlal Nehru as its first prime minister.
Partition of India (1947 CE): British India was divided into India and Pakistan in August 1947, followed by communal violence and the displacement of some 15 million people.
Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989 CE): Soviet intervention in Afghanistan against mujahideen insurgents backed by the United States, Pakistan and others; Soviet troops withdrew in 1989.
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) (2001–2021 CE): US-led invasion after the September 11 attacks that toppled the Taliban, followed by a long insurgency until the US withdrawal in 2021.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876 CE – 1948 CE): Leader of the All-India Muslim League and founder of Pakistan, its first Governor-General.
Jawaharlal Nehru (1889 CE – 1964 CE): Leader in the independence movement and first prime minister of India, serving from 1947 until his death.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919 CE): British troops under Reginald Dyer fired on an unarmed crowd in Amritsar, killing hundreds, a turning point in the independence movement.