Alba Iulia

City · c. 1542 CE · in Europe

Capital of Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (1542–1570), Principality of Transylvania (1572–1692).

Related

• Santiago (1541 CE): Capital of Republic of Chile (1812–today).
• Tunja (1539 CE): Capital of Granadine Confederation (1859–1862).
• Bogotá (1538 CE): Capital of Gran Colombia (1822–1831), Republic of New Granada (1834–1858), Granadine Confederation (1859–1862), and 2 more.
• Sucre (1538 CE): Capital of Bolivia (1825–today).
• Asunción (1537 CE): Capital of Paraguay (1811–today).
• Buenos Aires (1536 CE): First founded by Pedro de Mendoza in 1536 and refounded in 1580 by Juan de Garay; capital of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata and of Argentina.
• La Paz (1548 CE): Capital of Bolivia (1899–today).
• La Paz (1535 CE): Capital of Republic of Baja California (1853–1854).
• Lima (1535 CE): Founded by Francisco Pizarro as the "City of Kings" in 1535, Lima became the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru and of independent Peru.
• Quito (1534 CE): Capital of Republic of Ecuador (1840–today).

Around the same time and place

• Leonardo da Vinci (1452 CE – 1519 CE): Italian Renaissance polymath born in Vinci, painter of the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, whose notebooks record studies in anatomy, engineering and flight.
• Nicolaus Copernicus (1473 CE – 1543 CE): Polish astronomer and canon of Frombork in Royal Prussia who proposed a Sun-centred model of the universe in De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, published in 1543, the year of his death.
• Michelangelo (1475 CE – 1564 CE): Florentine sculptor, painter and architect of the High Renaissance. He carved the Pietà and David, painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling and the Last Judgement, and designed the dome of St Peter's.
• Mona Lisa (c. 1503 CE): Leonardo da Vinci began this portrait of Lisa Gherardini in Florence around 1503 and kept working on it for years. It hangs in the Louvre and is among the most famous paintings in the world.
• Ninety-five Theses (1517 CE): In 1517 Martin Luther circulated his 95 theses against the sale of indulgences in Wittenberg. The dispute that followed launched the Protestant Reformation.
• Copernican heliocentrism (1543 CE): Nicolaus Copernicus, a canon at Frombork, published De revolutionibus in 1543, placing the Sun rather than the Earth at the centre of the universe. It began the Scientific Revolution.
• Galileo Galilei (1564 CE – 1642 CE): Italian astronomer and physicist born in Pisa who pioneered experimental science and telescopic astronomy. Condemned by the Inquisition in 1633, he spent his last years under house arrest near Florence.
• Hanseatic trade route (1356–1669 CE): The Hanseatic League of north German merchant towns, led by Lübeck, dominated Baltic and North Sea trade from London and Bruges to Novgorod, exchanging furs, wax, grain, fish and timber for cloth and salt.

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