Tunja

City · 1539 CE · in South America

Capital of Granadine Confederation (1859–1862).

Related

• Bogotá (1538 CE): Capital of Gran Colombia (1822–1831), Republic of New Granada (1834–1858), Granadine Confederation (1859–1862), and 2 more.
• Sucre (1538 CE): Capital of Bolivia (1825–today).
• Asunción (1537 CE): Capital of Paraguay (1811–today).
• Santiago (1541 CE): Capital of Republic of Chile (1812–today).
• Buenos Aires (1536 CE): First founded by Pedro de Mendoza in 1536 and refounded in 1580 by Juan de Garay; capital of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata and of Argentina.
• Alba Iulia (c. 1542 CE): Capital of Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (1542–1570), Principality of Transylvania (1572–1692).
• La Paz (1535 CE): Capital of Republic of Baja California (1853–1854).
• Lima (1535 CE): Founded by Francisco Pizarro as the "City of Kings" in 1535, Lima became the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru and of independent Peru.
• Quito (1534 CE): Capital of Republic of Ecuador (1840–today).
• Thanjavur (c. 1534 CE): Capital of Nayaks of Thanjavur (1534–1673), Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom (1677–1799).

Around the same time and place

• Christopher Columbus (c. 1451 CE – 1506 CE): Genoese navigator who sailed west for Castile in 1492 to reach Asia and instead reached the Caribbean, beginning lasting contact between Europe and the Americas; he governed Hispaniola from Santo Domingo until he was sent home in chains in 1500.
• Santo Domingo (1496 CE): Founded by Bartholomew Columbus, it is the oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Americas and was the first seat of Spanish colonial rule.
• Encomienda system (1503 CE): In 1503 the Spanish Crown authorised the granting of Indigenous people’s labour on Hispaniola to colonists, in return for their protection and Christian instruction. The system spread across Spanish America and led to forced labour and severe abuse.
• Balboa sees the Pacific (1513 CE): Vasco Núñez de Balboa led an expedition across the Isthmus of Panama and in September 1513 became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean from the Americas, claiming it for Castile.
• Panama City (1519 CE): Capital of Republic of Panama (1905–today).
• Caracas (1567 CE): Capital of Republic of Venezuela (1811–1814), Venezuela (1834–today).
• Muisca (c. 600–1537 CE): Chibcha-speaking people of the Colombian highlands renowned for goldwork; their raft ceremony at Lake Guatavita inspired the legend of El Dorado.
• Columbus’s fourth voyage (1502–1504 CE): On his last voyage Columbus explored the Caribbean coast of Central America from Honduras to Panama, then was stranded for a year on Jamaica after his worm-eaten ships failed.

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