Caracas

City · 1567 CE · in Mesoamerica and the Caribbean

Capital of Republic of Venezuela (1811–1814), Venezuela (1834–today).

Valletta (1566 CE): Capital of Malta (1967–today).
Mysore (c. 1572 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Mysore (1572–1799).
Kraków (c. 1572 CE): Capital of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1572–1596), Free City of Krakow (1815–1845).
Huế (c. 1572 CE): Capital of Nguyễn lords (1572–1774), Tây Son dynasty (1789–1802), Nguyễn dynasty (1802–1884).
Vientiane (1560 CE): Capital of Lan Xang (1560–1707), Kingdom of Laos (1956–1975), Communist Laos (1976–today).
Amritsar (1574 CE): Capital of Sikh Confederacy (1762–1799).
Tegucigalpa (1578 CE): Capital of Honduras (1840–today).
Sonsonate (1553 CE): Capital of United Provinces of Central America (1834–1834).
Helsinki (1550 CE): King Gustav I of Sweden founded Helsinki in 1550 as a trading town. It became the capital of the Grand Duchy of Finland in 1812 and of independent Finland in 1917.
La Paz (1548 CE): Capital of Bolivia (1899–today).

Around the same time and place

Panama City (1519 CE): Capital of Republic of Panama (1905–today).
Bogotá (1538 CE): Capital of Gran Colombia (1822–1831), Republic of New Granada (1834–1858), Granadine Confederation (1859–1862), and 2 more.
Paramaribo (1613 CE): Capital of Republic of Suriname (1976–today).
Muisca (c. 600–1537 CE): Chibcha-speaking people of the Colombian highlands renowned for goldwork; their raft ceremony at Lake Guatavita inspired the legend of El Dorado.
Tunja (1539 CE): Capital of Granadine Confederation (1859–1862).