Kraków

City · c. 1572 CE · in Europe

Capital of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1572–1596), Free City of Krakow (1815–1845).

Related

• Mysore (c. 1572 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Mysore (1572–1799).
• Huế (c. 1572 CE): Capital of Nguyễn lords (1572–1774), Tây Son dynasty (1789–1802), Nguyễn dynasty (1802–1884).
• Amritsar (1574 CE): Capital of Sikh Confederacy (1762–1799).
• Caracas (1567 CE): Capital of Republic of Venezuela (1811–1814), Venezuela (1834–today).
• Valletta (1566 CE): Capital of Malta (1967–today).
• Tegucigalpa (1578 CE): Capital of Honduras (1840–today).
• Vientiane (1560 CE): Capital of Lan Xang (1560–1707), Kingdom of Laos (1956–1975), Communist Laos (1976–today).
• Sopore (c. 1586 CE): Capital of Kashmiri Sultanate (1586–1587).
• Kotagede (c. 1588 CE): Capital of Mataram Sultanate (1588–1613).
• Sonsonate (1553 CE): Capital of United Provinces of Central America (1834–1834).

Around the same time and place

• Nicolaus Copernicus (1473 CE – 1543 CE): Polish astronomer and canon of Frombork in Royal Prussia who proposed a Sun-centred model of the universe in De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, published in 1543, the year of his death.
• Michelangelo (1475 CE – 1564 CE): Florentine sculptor, painter and architect of the High Renaissance. He carved the Pietà and David, painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling and the Last Judgement, and designed the dome of St Peter's.
• Copernican heliocentrism (1543 CE): Nicolaus Copernicus, a canon at Frombork, published De revolutionibus in 1543, placing the Sun rather than the Earth at the centre of the universe. It began the Scientific Revolution.
• Galileo Galilei (1564 CE – 1642 CE): Italian astronomer and physicist born in Pisa who pioneered experimental science and telescopic astronomy. Condemned by the Inquisition in 1633, he spent his last years under house arrest near Florence.
• William Shakespeare (1564 CE – 1616 CE): English playwright and poet from Stratford-upon-Avon whose plays, performed in London, include Hamlet, Macbeth and Romeo and Juliet. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in English.
• Hanseatic trade route (1356–1669 CE): The Hanseatic League of north German merchant towns, led by Lübeck, dominated Baltic and North Sea trade from London and Bruges to Novgorod, exchanging furs, wax, grain, fish and timber for cloth and salt.
• Suleiman the Magnificent (1494 CE – 1566 CE): The longest-reigning Ottoman sultan (r. 1520–1566), under whom the empire reached the height of its power and its legal system was codified.
• Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1500 CE – 1558 CE): Habsburg ruler of Spain, the Netherlands, much of Italy and the Holy Roman Empire. He opposed the Reformation and abdicated his titles in Brussels in 1555–1556.

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