Sucre

City · 1538 CE · in South America

Capital of Bolivia (1825–today).

Bogotá (1538 CE): Capital of Gran Colombia (1822–1831), Republic of New Granada (1834–1858), Granadine Confederation (1859–1862), and 2 more.
Asunción (1537 CE): Capital of Paraguay (1811–today).
Tunja (1539 CE): Capital of Granadine Confederation (1859–1862).
Buenos Aires (1536 CE): First founded by Pedro de Mendoza in 1536 and refounded in 1580 by Juan de Garay; capital of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata and of Argentina.
La Paz (1535 CE): Capital of Republic of Baja California (1853–1854).
Lima (1535 CE): Founded by Francisco Pizarro as the "City of Kings" in 1535, Lima became the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru and of independent Peru.
Santiago (1541 CE): Capital of Republic of Chile (1812–today).
Quito (1534 CE): Capital of Republic of Ecuador (1840–today).
Thanjavur (c. 1534 CE): Capital of Nayaks of Thanjavur (1534–1673), Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom (1677–1799).
Alba Iulia (c. 1542 CE): Capital of Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (1542–1570), Principality of Transylvania (1572–1692).

Around the same time and place

Rise of the Inca Empire (1438–1533 CE): Under Pachacuti from 1438 the Inca expanded from Cusco to rule Tawantinsuyu, the largest empire of the pre-Columbian Americas, stretching along the Andes.
Inca road system (Qhapaq Ñan) (c. 1438–1533 CE): The Inca built a road network of some 40,000 km, whose main Andean spine ran from southern Colombia through Quito and Cusco to central Chile, with relay runners (chasquis), storehouses and suspension bridges.
Francisco Pizarro (c. 1478 CE – 1541 CE): Spanish conquistador who led the conquest of the Inca Empire and founded Lima in 1535; he was assassinated there by rival Spaniards.
Potosí (1545 CE): Mining city founded below the silver mountain Cerro Rico, whose vast output, largely extracted through forced indigenous labour, fuelled the Spanish Empire and global trade.
La Paz (1548 CE): Capital of Bolivia (1899–today).