Balikesir

City · c. 1305 CE · in Europe

Capital of Beylik of Karasi (1305–1343).

Kütahya (c. 1305 CE): Capital of Germiyanids (1305–1429).
Karaman (c. 1305 CE): Capital of Beylik of Karaman (1305–1467).
Sogut (c. 1305 CE): Capital of Ottoman Empire (1305–1329).
Beysehir (c. 1305 CE): Capital of Eshrefids (1305–1325).
Selçuk (c. 1305 CE): Capital of Beylik of Aydin (1305–1426).
Uluborlu (c. 1305 CE): Capital of Beylik of Hamid (1305–1343).
Eflani (c. 1305 CE): Capital of Beylik of Sinop (1305–1309), Beylik of Isfendiyar (1305–1309).
Birgi (c. 1305 CE): Capital of Beylik of Aydin (1305–1426).
Mentese district (c. 1305 CE): Capital of Beylik of Menteshe (1305–1414).
Kastamonu (c. 1309 CE): Capital of Beylik of Sinop (1309–1332), Beylik of Isfendiyar (1309–1398).

Around the same time and place

Founding of the Ottoman state (c. 1299 CE): Osman I, leader of a Turkish principality in northwestern Anatolia, founded the dynasty whose state grew into the Ottoman Empire, which lasted until 1922.
Black Death (1346–1353 CE): Bubonic plague pandemic that reached Europe through Mediterranean ports such as Messina in 1347 and killed an estimated third to half of Europe's population.
Knights Templar (c. 1119–1312 CE): Hugues de Payens and fellow knights founded this military order in Jerusalem around 1119 to protect pilgrims, with headquarters on the Temple Mount. It grew rich and powerful until Pope Clement V dissolved it in 1312 under pressure from Philip IV of France.
Thomas Aquinas (1225 CE – 1274 CE): Dominican friar and theologian whose Summa Theologica synthesised Aristotelian philosophy with Christian doctrine.
Battle of Ain Jalut (1260 CE): The Mamluks of Egypt under Qutuz and Baybars defeated a Mongol army in Galilee, halting the Mongol advance towards Egypt.
Dante Alighieri (1265 CE – 1321 CE): Florentine poet whose Divine Comedy, written in the Tuscan vernacular, is a masterpiece of world literature and helped establish the Italian language.
Giotto’s Scrovegni Chapel frescoes (1305 CE): Giotto covered the walls of a Padua chapel with the lives of the Virgin and Christ under a starry blue vault. His solid, feeling figures broke with Byzantine stiffness and began the road to the Renaissance.
Palmyra (c. 261–1929 CE): Capital of Palmyrene Empire (261–269).