Colombo

City · c. 1796 CE · in South Asia

Capital of British Ceylon (1796–1814), Sri Lanka (1972–today).

Hilo (c. 1796 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Hawaï'i (1796–1802).
Tehran (1794 CE): Capital of Pahlavi Dynasty (1925–1978), Islamic Republic of Iran (1979–today).
Gujranwala (c. 1799 CE): Capital of Sikh Empire (1799–1848).
Lucerne (c. 1799 CE): Capital of Helvetic Republic (1799–1799).
Danville (1792 CE): Capital of Confederate States of America (1861–1865).
Corfu (c. 1800 CE): Capital of Septinsular Republic (1800–1807).
Washington, D.C. (1790 CE): Federal capital of the United States, created by the Residence Act of 1790 on the Potomac River and designed by Pierre L'Enfant.
Lahaina (c. 1802 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Hawaï'i (1802–1845).
Stuttgart (c. 1803 CE): Capital of Electorate of Württemberg (1803–1805), Kingdom of Württemberg (1806–1870).
Salzburg (c. 1803 CE): Capital of Electorate of Salzburg (1803–1805).

Around the same time and place

Maratha Empire (1674–1818 CE): Maratha state founded by Shivaji's coronation in 1674, which became the dominant power in India in the 18th century before defeat by the British.
Tipu Sultan (1751 CE – 1799 CE): Ruler of Mysore who fought the East India Company in several wars and pioneered the military use of iron-cased rockets.
Great Trigonometrical Survey (1802–1871 CE): Survey that measured the Indian subcontinent by triangulation, beginning at Madras in 1802; it established the height of Mount Everest.