Tehran

City · 1794 CE · in Europe

Capital of Pahlavi Dynasty (1925–1978), Islamic Republic of Iran (1979–today).

Danville (1792 CE): Capital of Confederate States of America (1861–1865).
Hilo (c. 1796 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Hawaï'i (1796–1802).
Colombo (c. 1796 CE): Capital of British Ceylon (1796–1814), Sri Lanka (1972–today).
Washington, D.C. (1790 CE): Federal capital of the United States, created by the Residence Act of 1790 on the Potomac River and designed by Pierre L'Enfant.
Gujranwala (c. 1799 CE): Capital of Sikh Empire (1799–1848).
Lucerne (c. 1799 CE): Capital of Helvetic Republic (1799–1799).
Corfu (c. 1800 CE): Capital of Septinsular Republic (1800–1807).
Reykjavík (1786 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Iceland (1918–1939), Republic of Iceland (1946–today).
Lahaina (c. 1802 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Hawaï'i (1802–1845).
Stuttgart (c. 1803 CE): Capital of Electorate of Württemberg (1803–1805), Kingdom of Württemberg (1806–1870).

Around the same time and place

Palmyra (c. 261–1929 CE): Capital of Palmyrene Empire (261–269).
Köneürgenç (c. 1512–1919 CE): Capital of Khanate of Khiva (1512–1919).
Ahmad Shah Durrani (c. 1722 CE – 1772 CE): Founder of the Durrani Empire, the basis of modern Afghanistan, who repeatedly invaded northern India.
Riyadh (1746 CE): Capital of Emirate of Nejd (1824–1891), Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd (1926–1932), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (1936–today).
Kuwait City (1752 CE): Capital of State of Kuwait (1961–1989), Kuwait (1991–today).
Grozny (1818 CE): Capital of Chechen Republic (1993–2005).
The Great Game (c. 1830–1907 CE): Rivalry between the British and Russian empires for influence in Central Asia, Afghanistan and Persia.
Ecbatana (c. 550 BCE – c. 1800 CE): Capital of Achaemenid Empire (550 BCE–330 BCE).