Ecbatana

City · c. 550 BCE – c. 1800 CE · in Europe

Capital of Achaemenid Empire (550 BCE–330 BCE).

Related

• Pasargadae (c. 550–330 BCE): Capital of Achaemenid Empire (550 BCE–330 BCE).
• Khiva (502 BCE): Capital of Khanate of Khiva (1512–1919).
• Delhi (501 BCE): Capital of Mamluk Dynasty (1210–1290), Khalji Dynasty (1294–1320), Tughlaq Dynasty (1326–1413), and 4 more.
• Bordeaux (501 BCE): Capital of Duchy of Gascony (768–1065).
• Ujjain (c. 600 BCE – c. 405 CE): Capital of Janapada of Avanti (600 BCE–405 BCE), Western Satraps (43–405).
• Mathura (c. 600 BCE): Capital of Janapada of Surasena (600 BCE–405 BCE).
• Milan (600 BCE): Capital of Duchy of Milan (1402–1539), Ambrosian Republic (1450–1450), Cisalpine Republic (1797–1799).
• Varanasi (c. 600 BCE): Capital of Janapada of Kasi (600 BCE–451 BCE).
• Kushinagar (c. 600 BCE): Capital of Janapada of Malla (600 BCE–451 BCE).
• Kausambi (c. 600 BCE): Capital of Janapada of Vatsa (600 BCE–451 BCE).

Around the same time and place

• Phoenician alphabet (c. 1,050 BCE): The Phoenicians developed a 22-letter consonantal alphabet that spread through Mediterranean trade and became the ancestor of the Greek, Latin, Hebrew and Arabic scripts.
• Cyrus the Great (c. 600 BCE – 530 BCE): Founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, which he expanded from Anatolia to Central Asia by conquering Media, Lydia and Babylon.
• Campaigns of Alexander the Great (334–323 BCE): Alexander of Macedon crossed into Asia in 334 BCE, defeated Darius III at Issus and Gaugamela, conquered Egypt and the Persian Empire, and campaigned as far as the Indus valley before dying in Babylon in 323 BCE.
• Jesus (c. 4 BCE – 30 CE): A Jewish preacher from Galilee whose teachings and crucifixion in Jerusalem under Pontius Pilate became the foundation of Christianity.
• The Hijra (622 CE): Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina, where he established the first Muslim community; the year marks the start of the Islamic calendar.
• Baghdad (762 CE): Founded by the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur as a round city on the Tigris, Baghdad became the Abbasid capital and one of the largest cities in the world.
• Al-Khwarizmi's algebra (c. 820 CE): Al-Khwarizmi's treatise on solving linear and quadratic equations systematically founded algebra as a discipline; the word 'algebra' comes from al-jabr in its title.
• First Crusade (1096–1099 CE): Answering Pope Urban II’s call, armies of western knights marched to Constantinople, crossed Anatolia, took Antioch after a long siege and captured Jerusalem in July 1099, founding the crusader states.

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