Kandahar

City · c. 1709 CE · in the Middle East

Capital of Hotaki Dynasty (1709–1737), Durrani Empire (1748–1776).

Hanover (c. 1709 CE): Capital of Electorate of Hanover (1709–1802), Kingdom of Hanover (1814–1865).
Qoqon (c. 1709 CE): Capital of Khanate of Kokand (1709–1876).
Arcot (c. 1713 CE): Capital of Carnatic Sultanate (1713–1768).
Saint Petersburg (1703 CE): Peter the Great founded Saint Petersburg on the Neva delta in 1703 as a 'window to Europe'. It was Russia's capital from 1712 to 1918.
Karlsruhe (1715 CE): Capital of Electorate of Baden (1803–1805), Grand Duchy of Baden (1806–1870).
Dushanbe (1700 CE): Capital of Republic of Tajikistan (1992–today).
Nuuk (1721 CE): Capital of Greenland (1734–1940).
Kingstown (1722 CE): Capital of Saint Vincent (1979–today).
Nassau (1695 CE): Capital of Commonwealth of The Bahamas (1973–today).
Montevideo (1723 CE): Capital of Federal League (1815–1819), Oriental Republic of Uruguay (1828–today).

Around the same time and place

Mughal Empire founded (1526–1857 CE): Empire founded by Babur that at its height ruled most of the Indian subcontinent, famed for its wealth, administration and architecture.
Kazakh Khanate (c. 1465–1847 CE): State founded by the sultans Kerei and Janibek in the Chu valley around 1465, the forerunner of the Kazakh nation.
Köneürgenç (c. 1512–1919 CE): Capital of Khanate of Khiva (1512–1919).
Shah Jahan (1592 CE – 1666 CE): Fifth Mughal emperor, builder of the Taj Mahal and Shahjahanabad (Old Delhi), deposed by his son Aurangzeb.
Guru Gobind Singh (1666 CE – 1708 CE): Tenth Sikh Guru, who founded the Khalsa and declared the Guru Granth Sahib the eternal Guru of the Sikhs.
Founding of the Khalsa (1699 CE): Guru Gobind Singh initiated the Khalsa, the community of initiated Sikhs, at Anandpur Sahib on Vaisakhi 1699.
Ahmad Shah Durrani (c. 1722 CE – 1772 CE): Founder of the Durrani Empire, the basis of modern Afghanistan, who repeatedly invaded northern India.
Tashkent (c. 1729 CE): Capital of Kazakh Khanate (1729–1781), Republic of Uzbekistan (1992–today).