Königsberg

City · 1255–1945 CE · in Europe

Capital of Duchy of Prussia (1526–1618), Brandenburg-Prussia (1619–1701).

Related

• Kaliningrad (1255 CE): Capital of Duchy of Prussia (1526–1618).
• Lisbon (c. 1256 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Portugal (1256–1910), Portuguese Empire (1502–1823), Portuguese Colonies (1564–1910), and 2 more.
• Klaipeda (1252 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Prussia (1707–1708).
• Glogow (c. 1250 CE): Capital of Duchy of Glogow (1250–1313).
• Xacitarxan (1250 CE): Capital of Astrakhan Khanate (1468–1556).
• Graz (c. 1260 CE): Capital of Duchy of Styria (1260–1501).
• Chambéry (c. 1260 CE): Capital of County of Savoy (1260–1416).
• Orange (c. 1260 CE): Capital of Principality of Orange (1260–1571).
• Florence (c. 1260 CE): Capital of Republic of Florence (1260–1569), Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1797–1848), Kingdom of Etruria (1803–1806), and 1 more.
• Brandenburg an der Havel (c. 1260 CE): Capital of Margraviate of Brandenburg (1260–1414), Electorate of Brandenburg (1422–1618).

Around the same time and place

• Magna Carta (1215 CE): Charter agreed by King John at Runnymede that limited royal power and became a foundation of constitutional law in the English-speaking world.
• Printing press (c. 1440 CE): Gutenberg's press with movable metal type made mass production of books possible, transforming the spread of knowledge in Europe.
• Leonardo da Vinci (1452 CE – 1519 CE): Italian Renaissance polymath born in Vinci, painter of the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, whose notebooks record studies in anatomy, engineering and flight.
• Nicolaus Copernicus (1473 CE – 1543 CE): Polish astronomer and canon of Frombork in Royal Prussia who proposed a Sun-centred model of the universe in De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, published in 1543, the year of his death.
• Michelangelo (1475 CE – 1564 CE): Florentine sculptor, painter and architect of the High Renaissance. He carved the Pietà and David, painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling and the Last Judgement, and designed the dome of St Peter's.
• Mona Lisa (c. 1503 CE): Leonardo da Vinci began this portrait of Lisa Gherardini in Florence around 1503 and kept working on it for years. It hangs in the Louvre and is among the most famous paintings in the world.
• Ninety-five Theses (1517 CE): In 1517 Martin Luther circulated his 95 theses against the sale of indulgences in Wittenberg. The dispute that followed launched the Protestant Reformation.
• Copernican heliocentrism (1543 CE): Nicolaus Copernicus, a canon at Frombork, published De revolutionibus in 1543, placing the Sun rather than the Earth at the centre of the universe. It began the Scientific Revolution.

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