Medina

City · 901 BCE · in the Middle East

Capital of Rashidun Caliphate (633–656).

Hebron (c. 1,000 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Israel (1000 BCE–930 BCE).
Napata (c. 1,000 BCE – c. 346 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Kush (1000 BCE–346).
Nokalakevi (1,001 BCE – 700 CE): Capital of Lazica (63 BCE–545), Kingdom of Lazica (638–700).
Pergamon (801 BCE – 62 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Pontus (281 BCE–62), Kingdom of Pergamon (279 BCE–133 BCE).
Arzashkun (c. 800 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Urartu (800 BCE–590 BCE).
Tushpa (c. 800–590 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Urartu (800 BCE–590 BCE).
Yerevan (782 BCE): Capital of Republic of Armenia (1992–today).
Tengzhou (c. 750 BCE): Capital of Teng (750 BCE–451 BCE).
Fengtai County (c. 750 BCE): Capital of Cai (750 BCE–451 BCE).
Huaiyang District (c. 750 BCE): Capital of Chen (750 BCE–479 BCE).

Around the same time and place

Eridu (c. 5,400–600 BCE): Regarded by the Sumerians as the first city; its temple to the god Enki was rebuilt many times from the Ubaid period onward.
Uruk (c. 5,000 BCE – c. 700 CE): Sumerian city on the Euphrates that by about 3100 BCE was probably the largest city in the world, centre of the first urban civilization.
Thebes (3,200–801 BCE): Capital of Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2000 BCE–1782 BCE), New Kingdom of Egypt (1500 BCE–801 BCE).
Tyre (2,750–501 BCE): Capital of Phoenicia (1150 BCE–501 BCE).
Assur (2,500–609 BCE): Capital of Assyria (1800 BCE–901 BCE), Neo-Assyrian Empire (900 BCE–609 BCE).
Babylon (2,201 BCE – 1 CE): Capital of Babylonia (1800 BCE–601 BCE), Neo-Babylonian Empire (600 BCE–539 BCE), Achaemenid Empire (550 BCE–330 BCE).
Nimrud (c. 1,800–612 BCE): Capital of Assyria (1800 BCE–901 BCE).
Nineveh (c. 1,800–612 BCE): Capital of Assyria (1800 BCE–901 BCE).