Monaco

City · 1297 CE · in Europe

Capital of Principality of Monaco (1642–today), Kingdom of Monaco (1815–1939).

Qarshi (c. 1294 CE): Capital of Chagatai Khanate (1294–1462).
Tabriz (c. 1294 CE): Capital of Ilkhanate (1294–1335), Chobanids (1344–1357), Jalayirid Sultanate (1358–1388), and 2 more.
Belozersk (c. 1294 CE): Capital of Principality of Beloozero (1294–1343).
Soltaniyeh (c. 1294 CE): Capital of Ilkhanate (1294–1335).
Scone (c. 1294 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Scotland (1294–1452).
Chiang Saen (c. 1294 CE): Capital of Lan Na Kingdom (1294–1563), Lan Na (1600–1761).
Mottama (c. 1294 CE): Capital of Hanthawaddy Kingdom (1294–1364).
Almaliq (c. 1294 CE): Capital of Chagatai Khanate (1294–1462), Moghulistan (1463–1518), Eastern Chagatai Khanate (1492–1511), and 2 more.
Kammatadurga (c. 1294 CE): Capital of Kampili Kingdom (1294–1328).
Trowulan Temple (c. 1294–1518 CE): Capital of Majapahit (1294–1518).

Around the same time and place

Black Death (1346–1353 CE): Bubonic plague pandemic that reached Europe through Mediterranean ports such as Messina in 1347 and killed an estimated third to half of Europe's population.
Reconquista (718–1492 CE): Centuries-long series of campaigns by Christian kingdoms to take the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule, ending with the fall of Granada in 1492.
Thomas Aquinas (1225 CE – 1274 CE): Dominican friar and theologian whose Summa Theologica synthesised Aristotelian philosophy with Christian doctrine.
Dante Alighieri (1265 CE – 1321 CE): Florentine poet whose Divine Comedy, written in the Tuscan vernacular, is a masterpiece of world literature and helped establish the Italian language.
Giotto’s Scrovegni Chapel frescoes (1305 CE): Giotto covered the walls of a Padua chapel with the lives of the Virgin and Christ under a starry blue vault. His solid, feeling figures broke with Byzantine stiffness and began the road to the Renaissance.
Hundred Years' War (1337–1453 CE): Series of wars between England and France over the French throne, ending with England losing all its French lands except Calais.
Trier (16 BCE – 1618 CE): Capital of Electorate of Trier (1333–1618).
Fibonacci (c. 1170 CE – 1250 CE): Mathematician from Pisa who introduced Hindu–Arabic numerals to Europe; the Fibonacci sequence is named after him.