N'Djamena

City · 1900 CE · in North Africa

Capital of Republic of Chad (1961–today).

Muscat (c. 1900 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (1900–1946), Sultanate of Oman (1970–today).
Nairobi (1899 CE): Capital of Republic of Kenya (1963–today).
Abidjan (1898 CE): Capital of Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (1961–1983).
Chania (c. 1898 CE): Capital of Cretan State (1898–1907).
Lilongwe (1902 CE): Capital of Malawi (1975–today).
Mbabane (1902 CE): Capital of Eswatini (1969–today).
Asmara (1897 CE): Capital of State of Eritrea (1993–today).
Lusaka (1905 CE): Capital of Zambia (1967–today).
Dodoma (1906 CE): Capital of Tanzania (1996–today).
Port Vila (c. 1907 CE): Capital of New Hebrides (1907–1980), Vanuatu (1983–today).

Around the same time and place

Scramble for Africa (1881–1914 CE): Invasion, occupation and partition of almost all of Africa by European powers between the 1880s and 1914, formalised in part at the Berlin Conference of 1884–85.
Sokoto Caliphate (1804–1903 CE): Islamic state founded after Usman dan Fodio's jihad against the Hausa kingdoms, one of the largest states in 19th-century Africa until British conquest in 1903.
Yaoundé (1888 CE): Capital of Republic of Cameroon (1960–today).
Bangui (1889 CE): Capital of Central African Republic (1961–today).
Heinrich Barth’s expedition to Central Africa (1850–1855 CE): Joining a British expedition that left Tripoli in 1850, the German scholar Heinrich Barth spent five years crossing the Sahara and travelling through Bornu, the Sokoto Caliphate and Timbuktu, recording their history, languages and peoples.
British Benin Expedition (1897 CE): British punitive expedition that captured and burned Benin City, exiled the Oba and looted thousands of artworks, including the Benin Bronzes.