Timisoara

City · 1266 CE · in Europe

Capital of Kingdom of Hungary (1315–1323).

Legnica (1264 CE): Capital of Duchy of Legnica (1279–1313).
Khanbaliq (c. 1271–1368 CE): Capital of Mongol Empire (1271–1293), Yuan Dynasty (1294–1368).
Graz (c. 1260 CE): Capital of Duchy of Styria (1260–1501).
Chambéry (c. 1260 CE): Capital of County of Savoy (1260–1416).
Orange (c. 1260 CE): Capital of Principality of Orange (1260–1571).
Florence (c. 1260 CE): Capital of Republic of Florence (1260–1569), Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1797–1848), Kingdom of Etruria (1803–1806), and 1 more.
Brandenburg an der Havel (c. 1260 CE): Capital of Margraviate of Brandenburg (1260–1414), Electorate of Brandenburg (1422–1618).
Gondar (c. 1272 CE): Capital of Ethiopian Empire (1272–1889).
Pernes-les-Fontaines (c. 1274 CE): Capital of Comtat Venaissin (1274–1320).
Lisbon (c. 1256 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Portugal (1256–1910), Portuguese Empire (1502–1823), Portuguese Colonies (1564–1910), and 2 more.

Around the same time and place

Founding of the Ottoman state (c. 1299 CE): Osman I, leader of a Turkish principality in northwestern Anatolia, founded the dynasty whose state grew into the Ottoman Empire, which lasted until 1922.
Francis of Assisi (c. 1181 CE – 1226 CE): Italian friar who embraced radical poverty and founded the Franciscan Order; one of the most venerated saints of Christianity.
Thomas Aquinas (1225 CE – 1274 CE): Dominican friar and theologian whose Summa Theologica synthesised Aristotelian philosophy with Christian doctrine.
Mongol invasion of Rus’ and Europe (1236–1242 CE): Mongol armies under Batu and Subutai conquered Volga Bulgaria and the Rus’ principalities, destroyed Kiev in 1240, and in 1241 won at Legnica and Mohi, before withdrawing from Central Europe in 1242.
Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' (1237–1242 CE): Mongol armies under Batu Khan destroyed Ryazan, Vladimir and Kyiv, subjecting the Rus' principalities to Mongol overlordship for over two centuries.
Dante Alighieri (1265 CE – 1321 CE): Florentine poet whose Divine Comedy, written in the Tuscan vernacular, is a masterpiece of world literature and helped establish the Italian language.
Giotto’s Scrovegni Chapel frescoes (1305 CE): Giotto covered the walls of a Padua chapel with the lives of the Virgin and Christ under a starry blue vault. His solid, feeling figures broke with Byzantine stiffness and began the road to the Renaissance.
Trier (16 BCE – 1618 CE): Capital of Electorate of Trier (1333–1618).