Tripoli

City · 602 BCE · in North Africa

Capital of Ottoman Tripolitania (1864–1911), Kingdom of Libya (1953–1968), State of Libya (2014–today).

Panticapaeum (601 BCE – 370 CE): Capital of Cimmerian Bosporus (404 BCE–370).
Ujjain (c. 600 BCE – c. 405 CE): Capital of Janapada of Avanti (600 BCE–405 BCE), Western Satraps (43–405).
Mathura (c. 600 BCE): Capital of Janapada of Surasena (600 BCE–405 BCE).
Milan (600 BCE): Capital of Duchy of Milan (1402–1539), Ambrosian Republic (1450–1450), Cisalpine Republic (1797–1799).
Varanasi (c. 600 BCE): Capital of Janapada of Kasi (600 BCE–451 BCE).
Kushinagar (c. 600 BCE): Capital of Janapada of Malla (600 BCE–451 BCE).
Kausambi (c. 600 BCE): Capital of Janapada of Vatsa (600 BCE–451 BCE).
Vaishali (c. 600–481 BCE): Capital of Janapada of Vajji (600 BCE–481 BCE).
Shravasti (c. 600–501 BCE): Capital of Janapada of Kosala (600 BCE–501 BCE).
Rajgir (c. 600 BCE): Capital of Janapada of Magadha (600 BCE–501 BCE), Magadha - Shaishunaga dynasty (404 BCE–345 BCE).

Around the same time and place

Carthage (c. 814–146 BCE): Traditionally founded by Phoenician settlers from Tyre, Carthage grew into the capital of a maritime empire that dominated the western Mediterranean until Rome destroyed it.
First coins in Lydia (c. 620 BCE): Lydia in western Anatolia issued some of the earliest known coins, made of electrum; later King Croesus introduced coins of pure gold and silver.
Latin alphabet (c. 600 BCE): The Romans took their letters from the Etruscan form of the Greek alphabet, as on the Lapis Niger; the Latin alphabet is now the most widely used writing system in the world.
Etruscan civilization (c. 900–27 BCE): Civilization of ancient Etruria in central Italy, organised in city-states, which strongly influenced early Rome before being absorbed by it.
Pergamon (801 BCE – 62 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Pontus (281 BCE–62), Kingdom of Pergamon (279 BCE–133 BCE).
Solon (c. 630 BCE – 560 BCE): Athenian statesman and poet whose reforms cancelled debts, ended debt slavery and laid foundations for Athenian democracy.
Pythagoras (c. 570 BCE – 495 BCE): Greek philosopher born on Samos who founded a school at Croton in southern Italy; the Pythagorean theorem bears his name.
Nuragic civilization (c. 1,800–238 BCE): Bronze and Iron Age civilization of Sardinia, named after its thousands of stone tower-fortresses called nuraghi.