Turin

City · c. 1861 CE · in Europe

Capital of Kingdom of Italy (1861–1865).

Related

• Vladivostok (1860 CE): Capital of Provisional Priamurye Government (1922–1922).
• Dar es Salaam (1862 CE): Capital of Tanzania (1964–1996).
• Saigon (1862–1976 CE): Capital of French Indochina (1887–1954).
• Dessau (c. 1863–2007 CE): Capital of Duchy of Anhalt (1863–1870).
• Praia (1858 CE): Capital of Republic of Cabo Verde (1976–today).
• Kuala Lumpur (1857 CE): Capital of Federation of Malaya (1958–1962), Malaysia (1963–today).
• Ras Hafun (c. 1856 CE): Capital of Majeerteen Sultanate (1856–1889).
• Ottawa (1855 CE): Capital of Canada (1932–today).
• Pretoria (1855 CE): Capital of South African Republic (1856–1899), South Africa (1932–today).
• Budapest (c. 1867 CE): Capital of Hungarian Nationalists (1867–1918), Austria-Hungary (1868–1918), Hungarian Republic (1919–1943), and 1 more.

Around the same time and place

• Industrial Revolution (c. 1760–1840 CE): The shift from hand production to machines, factories and steam power that began in Britain around 1760, centred on textile towns such as Manchester. It spread to Europe and North America and transformed work, cities and the world economy.
• Napoleon (1769 CE – 1821 CE): Corsican-born general who seized power in France in 1799 and crowned himself Emperor in 1804. He conquered much of Europe before his defeat in 1815 and died in exile on Saint Helena.
• Battle of Waterloo (1815 CE): On 18 June 1815 Wellington's Anglo-allied army and Blücher's Prussians defeated Napoleon near Waterloo in present-day Belgium, ending the Napoleonic Wars.
• On the Origin of Species (1859 CE): Charles Darwin, working at Down House in Kent, published his theory of evolution by natural selection in 1859. It founded modern evolutionary biology.
• Albert Einstein (1879 CE – 1955 CE): German-born theoretical physicist who developed the special and general theories of relativity and explained the photoelectric effect, for which he won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics.
• Adolf Hitler (1889 CE – 1945 CE): Austrian-born dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. He started World War II in Europe and bears chief responsibility for the Holocaust. He died by suicide in Berlin.
• Einstein's special relativity (1905 CE): In 1905, while working at the patent office in Bern, Albert Einstein published his theory of special relativity and, in a follow-up paper, E = mc². It transformed ideas of space and time.
• Edward Jenner (1749 CE – 1823 CE): English country doctor in Berkeley, Gloucestershire, who in 1796 showed that inoculation with cowpox protected against smallpox, pioneering vaccination.

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