Pretoria

City · 1855 CE · in Sub-Saharan Africa

Capital of South African Republic (1856–1899), South Africa (1932–today).

Ottawa (1855 CE): Capital of Canada (1932–today).
Almaty (1854 CE): Capital of Kazakhstan (1992–1997).
Nouméa (1854 CE): Capital of New Caledonia (1856–1859).
Ras Hafun (c. 1856 CE): Capital of Majeerteen Sultanate (1856–1889).
Kuala Lumpur (1857 CE): Capital of Federation of Malaya (1958–1962), Malaysia (1963–today).
Praia (1858 CE): Capital of Republic of Cabo Verde (1976–today).
Doha (1850 CE): Capital of Qatar Dynasty (1870–1904), Qatar (1913–1915), State of Qatar (1973–today).
Vladivostok (1860 CE): Capital of Provisional Priamurye Government (1922–1922).
Libreville (1849 CE): Capital of Gabon (1961–today).
Turin (c. 1861 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Italy (1861–1865).

Around the same time and place

Shaka (c. 1787 CE – 1828 CE): King who transformed the Zulu into a powerful military kingdom in the 1810s–1820s; assassinated by his half-brothers in 1828.
Second Boer War (1899–1902 CE): War between the British Empire and the Boer republics of the Transvaal and Orange Free State; British concentration camps caused the deaths of many Boer and Black African civilians.
Herero and Nama genocide (1904–1908 CE): Campaign of extermination by German colonial forces in South West Africa (Namibia) that killed tens of thousands of Herero and Nama people; often called the first genocide of the 20th century.
Mfecane (c. 1815–1840 CE): Period of widespread warfare and population upheaval in southern Africa linked to the rise of the Zulu kingdom and other states.
Great Trek (c. 1835–1846 CE): Thousands of Dutch-speaking settlers (Voortrekkers) left the British-ruled Cape Colony for the interior, founding republics in Natal, the Orange Free State and the Transvaal and clashing with the Ndebele and Zulu.
Pietermaritzburg (1839 CE): Capital of Natalia Republic (1840–1843).
Windhoek (1840 CE): Capital of Namibia (1990–today).
Bloemfontein (1846 CE): Capital of Free Orange State (1856–1899), South Africa (1932–today).