Windhoek

City · 1840 CE · in Sub-Saharan Africa

Capital of Namibia (1990–today).

Al Bayda (1840 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Libya (1953–1968).
Pietermaritzburg (1839 CE): Capital of Natalia Republic (1840–1843).
Wellington (1839 CE): Capital of New Zealand (1948–today).
Kangar (c. 1842 CE): Capital of Kedah-Perlis District (1842–1910).
Coburg (c. 1836 CE): Capital of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1836–1839).
Houston (1836 CE): Capital of Republic of Texas (1837–1839).
Tacna (c. 1836 CE): Capital of Peru-Bolivian Confederation (1836–1839).
Gotha (c. 1836 CE): Capital of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1836–1839).
Piratini (c. 1836 CE): Capital of Riograndense Republic (1836–1845).
Caçapava do Sul (c. 1836 CE): Capital of Riograndense Republic (1836–1845).

Around the same time and place

Great Trek (c. 1835–1846 CE): Thousands of Dutch-speaking settlers (Voortrekkers) left the British-ruled Cape Colony for the interior, founding republics in Natal, the Orange Free State and the Transvaal and clashing with the Ndebele and Zulu.
Bloemfontein (1846 CE): Capital of Free Orange State (1856–1899), South Africa (1932–today).
Livingstone’s crossing of Africa (1853–1856 CE): David Livingstone travelled from the upper Zambezi to Luanda on the Atlantic and then east to Quelimane on the Indian Ocean, sighting Victoria Falls in 1855; the crossing made him famous in Britain.
Pretoria (1855 CE): Capital of South African Republic (1856–1899), South Africa (1932–today).
Maseru (1869 CE): Capital of Lesotho (1967–today).
Johannesburg (1886 CE): Founded in 1886 after the discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand, the world's richest gold field; it grew into South Africa's largest city.
Moshoeshoe I (c. 1786 CE – 1870 CE): Founder of the Basotho nation, who gathered refugees of the Mfecane at the mountain stronghold of Thaba Bosiu and later sought British protection.
Battle of Blood River (1838 CE): Voortrekkers led by Andries Pretorius defeated a much larger Zulu army on 16 December 1838 at the Ncome River.