Al Bayda

City · 1840 CE · in North Africa

Capital of Kingdom of Libya (1953–1968).

Related

• Windhoek (1840 CE): Capital of Namibia (1990–today).
• Pietermaritzburg (1839 CE): Capital of Natalia Republic (1840–1843).
• Wellington (1839 CE): Capital of New Zealand (1948–today).
• Kangar (c. 1842 CE): Capital of Kedah-Perlis District (1842–1910).
• Coburg (c. 1836 CE): Capital of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1836–1839).
• Houston (1836 CE): Capital of Republic of Texas (1837–1839).
• Tacna (c. 1836 CE): Capital of Peru-Bolivian Confederation (1836–1839).
• Gotha (c. 1836 CE): Capital of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1836–1839).
• Piratini (c. 1836 CE): Capital of Riograndense Republic (1836–1845).
• Caçapava do Sul (c. 1836 CE): Capital of Riograndense Republic (1836–1845).

Around the same time and place

• Rosetta Stone (1799 CE): French soldiers found a stele at Rosetta bearing a decree of 196 BCE in hieroglyphic, Demotic and Greek; it became the key to Champollion's decipherment of hieroglyphs in 1822.
• Suez Canal route (1869 CE): The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, linked the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, letting ships sail between Europe and Asia without rounding Africa and cutting the London–Bombay voyage by thousands of kilometres.
• Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881 CE – 1938 CE): Founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey, who led the War of Independence and carried out sweeping secularizing and westernizing reforms.
• Janissaries (c. 1363–1826 CE): Sultan Murad I created the Janissaries around 1363 as an elite Ottoman infantry corps, later filled through the devshirme levy of Christian boys. They grew into a powerful political force until Mahmud II abolished the corps in 1826.
• Muhammad Ali of Egypt (1769 CE – 1849 CE): An Ottoman Albanian commander who became governor of Egypt in 1805 and launched sweeping military and economic modernization; his dynasty ruled Egypt until 1952.
• Napoleon in Egypt (1798–1801 CE): Napoleon Bonaparte took Malta, landed at Alexandria, defeated the Mamluks at the Pyramids and occupied Cairo, but his fleet was destroyed at the Nile and his siege of Acre failed; the French army surrendered in 1801.
• Corfu (c. 1800 CE): Capital of Septinsular Republic (1800–1807).
• Greek War of Independence (1821–1829 CE): Greek revolutionaries rose against Ottoman rule in 1821. With British, French and Russian intervention, Greece became an independent kingdom, recognised in 1830.

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