Nouméa

City · 1854 CE · in Oceania

Capital of New Caledonia (1856–1859).

Almaty (1854 CE): Capital of Kazakhstan (1992–1997).
Ottawa (1855 CE): Capital of Canada (1932–today).
Pretoria (1855 CE): Capital of South African Republic (1856–1899), South Africa (1932–today).
Ras Hafun (c. 1856 CE): Capital of Majeerteen Sultanate (1856–1889).
Kuala Lumpur (1857 CE): Capital of Federation of Malaya (1958–1962), Malaysia (1963–today).
Doha (1850 CE): Capital of Qatar Dynasty (1870–1904), Qatar (1913–1915), State of Qatar (1973–today).
Praia (1858 CE): Capital of Republic of Cabo Verde (1976–today).
Libreville (1849 CE): Capital of Gabon (1961–today).
Vladivostok (1860 CE): Capital of Provisional Priamurye Government (1922–1922).
Turin (c. 1861 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Italy (1861–1865).

Around the same time and place

Blackbirding in the Pacific (1863–1904 CE): Recruitment, often by deception or force, of tens of thousands of Pacific Islanders, mainly from Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands, to work on Queensland sugar plantations.
Levuka (c. 1871 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Fiji (1871–1874).
Cession of Fiji to Britain (1874 CE): Chief Seru Epenisa Cakobau and other chiefs ceded Fiji to Britain at Levuka on 10 October 1874; Indian indentured labourers were brought in from 1879.