Almaty

City · 1854 CE · in Central Asia

Capital of Kazakhstan (1992–1997).

Nouméa (1854 CE): Capital of New Caledonia (1856–1859).
Ottawa (1855 CE): Capital of Canada (1932–today).
Pretoria (1855 CE): Capital of South African Republic (1856–1899), South Africa (1932–today).
Ras Hafun (c. 1856 CE): Capital of Majeerteen Sultanate (1856–1889).
Kuala Lumpur (1857 CE): Capital of Federation of Malaya (1958–1962), Malaysia (1963–today).
Doha (1850 CE): Capital of Qatar Dynasty (1870–1904), Qatar (1913–1915), State of Qatar (1973–today).
Praia (1858 CE): Capital of Republic of Cabo Verde (1976–today).
Libreville (1849 CE): Capital of Gabon (1961–today).
Vladivostok (1860 CE): Capital of Provisional Priamurye Government (1922–1922).
Turin (c. 1861 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Italy (1861–1865).

Around the same time and place

Kazakh Khanate (c. 1465–1847 CE): State founded by the sultans Kerei and Janibek in the Chu valley around 1465, the forerunner of the Kazakh nation.
Köneürgenç (c. 1512–1919 CE): Capital of Khanate of Khiva (1512–1919).
Ranjit Singh (1780 CE – 1839 CE): Founder of the Sikh Empire who captured Lahore in 1799 and united the Punjab.
Bishkek (1825 CE): Capital of Kyrgyzstan (1992–today).
The Great Game (c. 1830–1907 CE): Rivalry between the British and Russian empires for influence in Central Asia, Afghanistan and Persia.
First Anglo-Afghan War (1839–1842 CE): British invasion of Afghanistan that ended with the destruction of the retreating army from Kabul in January 1842.
Russian conquest of Central Asia (1839–1895 CE): Russian annexation of the Kazakh steppe and the khanates of Kokand, Bukhara and Khiva, culminating in the capture of Tashkent in 1865.
Muhammad Iqbal (1877 CE – 1938 CE): Poet and philosopher writing in Urdu and Persian whose 1930 address helped inspire the idea of Pakistan.