Anshan Persia

City · 4,000 BCE – 675 CE · in the Middle East

Capital of Elam (2700 BCE–601 BCE).

Related

• Jerusalem (4,001 BCE): Capital of Kingdom of Israel (1000 BCE–930 BCE), Kingdom of Judah (900 BCE–701 BCE), Kingdom of Jerusalem (1099–1291), and 1 more.
• Thebes (3,200–801 BCE): Capital of Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2000 BCE–1782 BCE), New Kingdom of Egypt (1500 BCE–801 BCE).
• Kozan (3,000 BCE): Capital of Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (1099–1374).
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• Babylon (2,201 BCE – 1 CE): Capital of Babylonia (1800 BCE–601 BCE), Neo-Babylonian Empire (600 BCE–539 BCE), Achaemenid Empire (550 BCE–330 BCE).
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• Uplistsikhe (2,001 BCE – 740 CE): Capital of Principality of Iberia (682–740).
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Around the same time and place

• Cuneiform writing (c. 3,200 BCE): Scribes in Sumer, notably at Uruk, developed one of the world's first writing systems, which evolved from pictographic accounting tablets into wedge-shaped signs pressed into clay.
• First writing at Uruk (c. 3,200 BCE): Clay tablets from Uruk recorded goods and labour with signs drawn in clay, the earliest known true writing system and ancestor of cuneiform.
• Epic of Gilgamesh (c. 2,100 BCE): An epic about Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, whose earliest Sumerian episodes date to around the Third Dynasty of Ur; it is among the oldest surviving great works of literature.
• Code of Hammurabi (c. 1,754 BCE): A Babylonian legal text of 282 laws inscribed on a basalt stele, known for its principle of proportional retribution; the stele was found at Susa in 1901.
• Cyrus the Great (c. 600 BCE – 530 BCE): Founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, which he expanded from Anatolia to Central Asia by conquering Media, Lydia and Babylon.
• Campaigns of Alexander the Great (334–323 BCE): Alexander of Macedon crossed into Asia in 334 BCE, defeated Darius III at Issus and Gaugamela, conquered Egypt and the Persian Empire, and campaigned as far as the Indus valley before dying in Babylon in 323 BCE.
• The Hijra (622 CE): Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina, where he established the first Muslim community; the year marks the start of the Islamic calendar.
• Baghdad (762 CE): Founded by the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur as a round city on the Tigris, Baghdad became the Abbasid capital and one of the largest cities in the world.

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