Cotabato City

City · c. 1521 CE · in Southeast Asia

Capital of Sultanate of Maguindanao (1521–1852).

Mexico City (1521 CE): Capital of First Mexican Empire (1822–1823), Federated Republic of Mexico (1824–1835), Centralist Mexico (1836–1846), and 1 more.
Dili (1520 CE): Capital of East Timor (2006–today).
Panama City (1519 CE): Capital of Republic of Panama (1905–today).
Golconda (c. 1519–1591 CE): Capital of Golconda Sultanate (1519–1591).
Guatemala City (1524 CE): Capital of United Provinces of Central America (1824–1834), Guatemala (1840–today).
Quetzaltenango (1524 CE): Capital of Los Altos (1840–1840).
San Salvador (1525 CE): Capital of United Provinces of Central America (1834–1838), Republic of El Salvador (1841–today).
Banjarmasin (1526 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Banjar (1526–1859).
Jakarta (1527 CE): Capital of Republic of Indonesia (1946–today).
Serang (c. 1529 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Banten (1529–1808).

Around the same time and place

Magellan–Elcano expedition: Philippines to Spain (1521–1522 CE): After Magellan was killed at Mactan in April 1521, Juan Sebastián Elcano led the survivors via the Moluccas and around Africa. The Victoria reached Spain in September 1522 with 18 men, completing the first circumnavigation of the globe.
Battle of Mactan (1521 CE): Warriors under the chief Lapulapu defeated Spanish forces on Mactan Island on 27 April 1521, killing Ferdinand Magellan.
Manila galleon (western Pacific) (1565–1815 CE): For 250 years Spanish galleons sailed once or twice a year between Manila and Acapulco, exchanging Mexican silver for Chinese silk and porcelain; westbound ships called at Guam, and eastbound ships rode the westerlies across the North Pacific.
Manila (1571 CE): Miguel López de Legazpi established Spanish Manila in 1571 on the site of a Muslim polity; it became the hub of the transpacific galleon trade.
Sungguminasa (c. 1512 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Gowa (1512–1669).