Golconda

City · c. 1519–1591 CE · in South Asia

Capital of Golconda Sultanate (1519–1591).

Panama City (1519 CE): Capital of Republic of Panama (1905–today).
Dili (1520 CE): Capital of East Timor (2006–today).
Mexico City (1521 CE): Capital of First Mexican Empire (1822–1823), Federated Republic of Mexico (1824–1835), Centralist Mexico (1836–1846), and 1 more.
Cotabato City (c. 1521 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Maguindanao (1521–1852).
Guatemala City (1524 CE): Capital of United Provinces of Central America (1824–1834), Guatemala (1840–today).
Quetzaltenango (1524 CE): Capital of Los Altos (1840–1840).
San Salvador (1525 CE): Capital of United Provinces of Central America (1834–1838), Republic of El Salvador (1841–today).
Köneürgenç (c. 1512–1919 CE): Capital of Khanate of Khiva (1512–1919).
Sungguminasa (c. 1512 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Gowa (1512–1669).
Banjarmasin (1526 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Banjar (1526–1859).

Around the same time and place

Vasco da Gama’s voyage to India (1497–1499 CE): Vasco da Gama sailed from Lisbon around the Cape of Good Hope and up the East African coast to Malindi, then crossed the Arabian Sea to Calicut in 1498, opening the first direct sea route from Europe to India.
Mughal Empire founded (1526–1857 CE): Empire founded by Babur that at its height ruled most of the Indian subcontinent, famed for its wealth, administration and architecture.
Taj Mahal (1632 CE): White marble mausoleum at Agra built by Shah Jahan for his wife Mumtaz Mahal, begun in 1632; the most celebrated work of Mughal architecture.
Maritime Silk Road (c. 200 BCE – c. 1500 CE): Sea lanes linking southern China, Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, East Africa and Egypt, carrying silk, ceramics, spices and textiles on the monsoon winds.
Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526 CE): Series of Muslim dynasties ruling from Delhi, beginning with Qutb ud-Din Aibak in 1206 and ending with the Lodi defeat at Panipat in 1526.
Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646 CE): South Indian empire founded by Harihara I and Bukka Raya I in 1336, a major patron of Hindu culture and temple architecture.
First Battle of Panipat (1526 CE): Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last Delhi sultan, using field artillery and cavalry tactics.
Akbar (1542 CE – 1605 CE): Third Mughal emperor, who expanded the empire across northern India and pursued religious tolerance and administrative reform.