Edo

City · c. 1603–1868 CE · in Central Asia

Capital of Tokugawa Shogunate (1603–1867).

Richmond (1607 CE): Capital of Confederate States of America (1861–1865).
Al-Fashir (c. 1609 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Darfur (1609–1876).
Warsaw (c. 1596 CE): Capital of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1596–1793), Duchy of Warsaw (1809–1815), Second Polish Republic (1919–1939), and 1 more.
Srirangapatna (c. 1610 CE): Capital of Kingdom of Mysore (1610–1799).
Paramaribo (1613 CE): Capital of Republic of Suriname (1976–today).
Aurangabad (1592 CE): Capital of Hyderabad State (1727–1763).
Tirana (1614 CE): Capital of Albania (1912–1945), People's Socialist Republic of Albania (1946–1990), Republic of Albania (1991–1992).
Glückstadt (1617 CE): Capital of Duchy of Holstein (1848–1852).
Kotagede (c. 1588 CE): Capital of Mataram Sultanate (1588–1613).
Muara Pawan (c. 1619 CE): Capital of Sultanate of Sukadana (1619–1833).

Around the same time and place

Meiji Restoration (1868 CE): Imperial rule was restored under Emperor Meiji, launching Japan's rapid modernisation.
Atomic bombing of Hiroshima (1945 CE): On 6 August 1945 the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, the first use of a nuclear weapon in war.
Korean War (1950–1953 CE): War between North Korea, backed by China and the Soviet Union, and South Korea, backed by UN forces led by the United States.
Joseon (1392–1897 CE): Dynasty founded by Yi Seong-gye with its capital at Hanseong (Seoul); it ruled Korea for five centuries.
Oda Nobunaga (1534 CE – 1582 CE): Daimyo who began the unification of Japan, based at Azuchi Castle.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1537 CE – 1598 CE): Nobunaga's successor who completed the unification of Japan and invaded Korea.
Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543 CE – 1616 CE): Founder of the Tokugawa shogunate, which ruled Japan for over 260 years.
Battle of Sekigahara (1600 CE): Tokugawa Ieyasu defeated a western coalition, securing control of Japan.